Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia and Multiple Sclerosis Exacerbation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common autoimmune disease in the United States, in which demyelination of the brain and spinal cord disrupts the transmission of signals throughout the body. With an average life expectancy of 30 years from the start of the disease, treatment relies on symptom management through steroids and disease-modifying agents, as there is no cure. While MS patients have not been shown to be at increased risk for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) infection, prolonged hospitalizations and severe COVID-19 sequelae have been linked to various MS subgroups. Limited studies, however, have reported on the role of COVID-19 in precipitating MS exacerbations, as flare-ups often occur during times of stress or immunological insult. Here we present a 45-year-old patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis whose neurological symptoms worsened sharply in the weeks following an inpatient admission for COVID-19 pneumonia.