Cargando…
The Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Bone Loss: Links to Osteoporosis and Osteopenia
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic connective tissue disease that produces persistent systemic inflammation, with joint inflammation leading to function loss and joint destruction. Low bone mass causes skeletal bone loss, commonly referred to as osteopenia or osteoporosis. We conduc...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8476196/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34603889 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17519 |
_version_ | 1784575556215373824 |
---|---|
author | Kareem, Roaa Botleroo, Rinky A Bhandari, Renu Ogeyingbo, Opemipo D Ahmed, Rowan Gyawali, Mallika Venkatesan, Nanditha Elshaikh, Abeer O |
author_facet | Kareem, Roaa Botleroo, Rinky A Bhandari, Renu Ogeyingbo, Opemipo D Ahmed, Rowan Gyawali, Mallika Venkatesan, Nanditha Elshaikh, Abeer O |
author_sort | Kareem, Roaa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic connective tissue disease that produces persistent systemic inflammation, with joint inflammation leading to function loss and joint destruction. Low bone mass causes skeletal bone loss, commonly referred to as osteopenia or osteoporosis. We conducted this literature review to examine the relationship between RA and osteoporosis and the variables contributing to this connection. We used articles from the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Google Scholar, Science Direct to access the required information. Eventually, our results concluded that RA could result in local periarticular and generalized bone loss. Many risk factors contribute to this association, such as chronic joints inflammation, glucocorticoid use, genetics, and estrogen hormone effects. Still, it is not clear yet whether this is due to a consequence of treatment, immobility, or the activity of the disease. There are many recommendations by the American College of Rheumatology for RA patients during the disease course to reduce the risk of osteoporosis development, which include early starts of disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs (DMARDs), doing a dual-energy x-ray (DXA) or quantitative ultrasound (QUS) for identifying a patient at risk of osteoporosis, taking vitamin D, calcium, and bisphosphonates. Further prospective studies and clinical trials are essential to provide a solid evidence-based recommendation that will help to prevent bone loss in RA patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8476196 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84761962021-09-30 The Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Bone Loss: Links to Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Kareem, Roaa Botleroo, Rinky A Bhandari, Renu Ogeyingbo, Opemipo D Ahmed, Rowan Gyawali, Mallika Venkatesan, Nanditha Elshaikh, Abeer O Cureus Internal Medicine Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic connective tissue disease that produces persistent systemic inflammation, with joint inflammation leading to function loss and joint destruction. Low bone mass causes skeletal bone loss, commonly referred to as osteopenia or osteoporosis. We conducted this literature review to examine the relationship between RA and osteoporosis and the variables contributing to this connection. We used articles from the US National Library of Medicine (PubMed), Google Scholar, Science Direct to access the required information. Eventually, our results concluded that RA could result in local periarticular and generalized bone loss. Many risk factors contribute to this association, such as chronic joints inflammation, glucocorticoid use, genetics, and estrogen hormone effects. Still, it is not clear yet whether this is due to a consequence of treatment, immobility, or the activity of the disease. There are many recommendations by the American College of Rheumatology for RA patients during the disease course to reduce the risk of osteoporosis development, which include early starts of disease-modifying anti-inflammatory drugs (DMARDs), doing a dual-energy x-ray (DXA) or quantitative ultrasound (QUS) for identifying a patient at risk of osteoporosis, taking vitamin D, calcium, and bisphosphonates. Further prospective studies and clinical trials are essential to provide a solid evidence-based recommendation that will help to prevent bone loss in RA patients. Cureus 2021-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8476196/ /pubmed/34603889 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17519 Text en Copyright © 2021, Kareem et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Internal Medicine Kareem, Roaa Botleroo, Rinky A Bhandari, Renu Ogeyingbo, Opemipo D Ahmed, Rowan Gyawali, Mallika Venkatesan, Nanditha Elshaikh, Abeer O The Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Bone Loss: Links to Osteoporosis and Osteopenia |
title | The Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Bone Loss: Links to Osteoporosis and Osteopenia |
title_full | The Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Bone Loss: Links to Osteoporosis and Osteopenia |
title_fullStr | The Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Bone Loss: Links to Osteoporosis and Osteopenia |
title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Bone Loss: Links to Osteoporosis and Osteopenia |
title_short | The Impact of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Bone Loss: Links to Osteoporosis and Osteopenia |
title_sort | impact of rheumatoid arthritis on bone loss: links to osteoporosis and osteopenia |
topic | Internal Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8476196/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34603889 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.17519 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kareemroaa theimpactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT botleroorinkya theimpactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT bhandarirenu theimpactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT ogeyingboopemipod theimpactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT ahmedrowan theimpactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT gyawalimallika theimpactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT venkatesannanditha theimpactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT elshaikhabeero theimpactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT kareemroaa impactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT botleroorinkya impactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT bhandarirenu impactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT ogeyingboopemipod impactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT ahmedrowan impactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT gyawalimallika impactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT venkatesannanditha impactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia AT elshaikhabeero impactofrheumatoidarthritisonbonelosslinkstoosteoporosisandosteopenia |