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Time-Dependent Dynamics Required for the Degradation and Restoration of the Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Septic Mice
The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX) plays a key role in the development of organ failure following sepsis. Researchers have investigated GCX degradation caused by pathological conditions. Nonetheless, the GCX restoration process remains poorly understood. Herein, we developed a model in which GCX resto...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8476805/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34595224 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.730298 |
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author | Shinohara, Akane Ushiyama, Akira Iijima, Takehiko |
author_facet | Shinohara, Akane Ushiyama, Akira Iijima, Takehiko |
author_sort | Shinohara, Akane |
collection | PubMed |
description | The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX) plays a key role in the development of organ failure following sepsis. Researchers have investigated GCX degradation caused by pathological conditions. Nonetheless, the GCX restoration process remains poorly understood. Herein, we developed a model in which GCX restoration could be reproduced in mice using in vivo imaging and a dorsal skinfold chamber (DSC). The severity of sepsis was controlled by adjusting the dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) used to trigger GCX degradation in BALB/c mice. We evaluated the GCX thickness, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and vascular permeability using in vivo imaging through DSC under intravital microscopy. The plasma concentration of syndecan-1(Sdc-1), a GCX structural component, was also determined as a marker of GCX degradation. Thus, we developed a reproducible spontaneous GCX recovery model in mice. Degraded GCX was restored within 24 h by the direct visualization of the endothelial GCX thickness, and leukocyte-endothelial interactions. In contrast, indirectly related indicators of recovery from sepsis, such as body weight and blood pressure, required a longer recovery time. This model can be used to study intractable angiopathy following sepsis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8476805 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84768052021-09-29 Time-Dependent Dynamics Required for the Degradation and Restoration of the Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Septic Mice Shinohara, Akane Ushiyama, Akira Iijima, Takehiko Front Cardiovasc Med Cardiovascular Medicine The endothelial glycocalyx (GCX) plays a key role in the development of organ failure following sepsis. Researchers have investigated GCX degradation caused by pathological conditions. Nonetheless, the GCX restoration process remains poorly understood. Herein, we developed a model in which GCX restoration could be reproduced in mice using in vivo imaging and a dorsal skinfold chamber (DSC). The severity of sepsis was controlled by adjusting the dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) used to trigger GCX degradation in BALB/c mice. We evaluated the GCX thickness, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, and vascular permeability using in vivo imaging through DSC under intravital microscopy. The plasma concentration of syndecan-1(Sdc-1), a GCX structural component, was also determined as a marker of GCX degradation. Thus, we developed a reproducible spontaneous GCX recovery model in mice. Degraded GCX was restored within 24 h by the direct visualization of the endothelial GCX thickness, and leukocyte-endothelial interactions. In contrast, indirectly related indicators of recovery from sepsis, such as body weight and blood pressure, required a longer recovery time. This model can be used to study intractable angiopathy following sepsis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8476805/ /pubmed/34595224 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.730298 Text en Copyright © 2021 Shinohara, Ushiyama and Iijima. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cardiovascular Medicine Shinohara, Akane Ushiyama, Akira Iijima, Takehiko Time-Dependent Dynamics Required for the Degradation and Restoration of the Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Septic Mice |
title | Time-Dependent Dynamics Required for the Degradation and Restoration of the Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Septic Mice |
title_full | Time-Dependent Dynamics Required for the Degradation and Restoration of the Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Septic Mice |
title_fullStr | Time-Dependent Dynamics Required for the Degradation and Restoration of the Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Septic Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Time-Dependent Dynamics Required for the Degradation and Restoration of the Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Septic Mice |
title_short | Time-Dependent Dynamics Required for the Degradation and Restoration of the Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Layer in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Septic Mice |
title_sort | time-dependent dynamics required for the degradation and restoration of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx layer in lipopolysaccharide-treated septic mice |
topic | Cardiovascular Medicine |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8476805/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34595224 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.730298 |
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