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Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion

Penicillium digitatum is the most severe pathogen that infects citrus fruits during storage. It can cause fruit rot and bring significant economic losses. The continuous use of fungicides has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Consequently, there is a need to develop naturally and...

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Autores principales: Yang, Ruopeng, Chen, Xiu, Huang, Qiang, Chen, Chuying, Rengasamy, Kannan R. R., Chen, Jinyin, Wan, Chunpeng (Craig)
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8476847/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34595200
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.724419
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author Yang, Ruopeng
Chen, Xiu
Huang, Qiang
Chen, Chuying
Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.
Chen, Jinyin
Wan, Chunpeng (Craig)
author_facet Yang, Ruopeng
Chen, Xiu
Huang, Qiang
Chen, Chuying
Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.
Chen, Jinyin
Wan, Chunpeng (Craig)
author_sort Yang, Ruopeng
collection PubMed
description Penicillium digitatum is the most severe pathogen that infects citrus fruits during storage. It can cause fruit rot and bring significant economic losses. The continuous use of fungicides has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Consequently, there is a need to develop naturally and efficiently antifungal fungicides. Natural antimicrobial agents such as clove oil, cinnamon oil, and thyme oil can be extracted from different plant parts. They exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and have great potential in the food industry. Here, we exploit a novel cinnamaldehyde (CA), eugenol (EUG), or carvacrol (CAR) combination antifungal therapy and formulate it into nanoemulsion form to overcome lower solubility and instability of essential oil. In this study, the antifungal activity evaluation and transcriptional profile of Penicillium digitatum exposed to compound nanoemulsion were evaluated. Results showed that compound nanoemulsion had a striking inhibitory effect on P. digitatum in a dose-dependent manner. According to RNA-seq analysis, there were 2,169 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and nanoemulsion-treated samples, including 1,028 downregulated and 1,141 upregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in intracellular organelle parts of cell component: cellular respiration, proton transmembrane transport of biological process, and guanyl nucleotide-binding molecular function. KEGG analysis revealed that metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were the most highly enriched pathways for these DEGs. Taken together, we can conclude the promising antifungal activity of nanoemulsion with multiple action sites against P. digitatum. These outcomes would deepen our knowledge of the inhibitory mechanism from molecular aspects and exploit naturally, efficiently, and harmlessly antifungal agents in the citrus postharvest industry.
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spelling pubmed-84768472021-09-29 Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion Yang, Ruopeng Chen, Xiu Huang, Qiang Chen, Chuying Rengasamy, Kannan R. R. Chen, Jinyin Wan, Chunpeng (Craig) Front Nutr Nutrition Penicillium digitatum is the most severe pathogen that infects citrus fruits during storage. It can cause fruit rot and bring significant economic losses. The continuous use of fungicides has resulted in the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Consequently, there is a need to develop naturally and efficiently antifungal fungicides. Natural antimicrobial agents such as clove oil, cinnamon oil, and thyme oil can be extracted from different plant parts. They exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and have great potential in the food industry. Here, we exploit a novel cinnamaldehyde (CA), eugenol (EUG), or carvacrol (CAR) combination antifungal therapy and formulate it into nanoemulsion form to overcome lower solubility and instability of essential oil. In this study, the antifungal activity evaluation and transcriptional profile of Penicillium digitatum exposed to compound nanoemulsion were evaluated. Results showed that compound nanoemulsion had a striking inhibitory effect on P. digitatum in a dose-dependent manner. According to RNA-seq analysis, there were 2,169 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and nanoemulsion-treated samples, including 1,028 downregulated and 1,141 upregulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in intracellular organelle parts of cell component: cellular respiration, proton transmembrane transport of biological process, and guanyl nucleotide-binding molecular function. KEGG analysis revealed that metabolic pathway, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were the most highly enriched pathways for these DEGs. Taken together, we can conclude the promising antifungal activity of nanoemulsion with multiple action sites against P. digitatum. These outcomes would deepen our knowledge of the inhibitory mechanism from molecular aspects and exploit naturally, efficiently, and harmlessly antifungal agents in the citrus postharvest industry. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8476847/ /pubmed/34595200 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.724419 Text en Copyright © 2021 Yang, Chen, Huang, Chen, Rengasamy, Chen and Wan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Yang, Ruopeng
Chen, Xiu
Huang, Qiang
Chen, Chuying
Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.
Chen, Jinyin
Wan, Chunpeng (Craig)
Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion
title Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion
title_full Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion
title_fullStr Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion
title_full_unstemmed Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion
title_short Mining RNA-Seq Data to Depict How Penicillium digitatum Shapes Its Transcriptome in Response to Nanoemulsion
title_sort mining rna-seq data to depict how penicillium digitatum shapes its transcriptome in response to nanoemulsion
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8476847/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34595200
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.724419
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