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Domestication‐induced reduction in eye size revealed in multiple common garden experiments: The case of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Domestication leads to changes in traits that are under directional selection in breeding programmes, though unintentional changes in nonproduction traits can also arise. In offspring of escaping fish and any hybrid progeny, such unintentionally altered traits may reduce fitness in the wild. Atlanti...

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Autores principales: Perry, William Bernard, Kaufmann, Joshka, Solberg, Monica Favnebøe, Brodie, Christopher, Coral Medina, Angela Maria, Pillay, Kirthana, Egerton, Anna, Harvey, Alison, Phillips, Karl P., Coughlan, Jamie, Egan, Fintan, Grealis, Ronan, Hutton, Steve, Leseur, Floriane, Ryan, Sarah, Poole, Russell, Rogan, Ger, Ryder, Elizabeth, Schaal, Patrick, Waters, Catherine, Wynne, Robert, Taylor, Martin, Prodöhl, Paulo, Creer, Simon, Llewellyn, Martin, McGinnity, Philip, Carvalho, Gary, Glover, Kevin Alan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8477603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34603501
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13297
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author Perry, William Bernard
Kaufmann, Joshka
Solberg, Monica Favnebøe
Brodie, Christopher
Coral Medina, Angela Maria
Pillay, Kirthana
Egerton, Anna
Harvey, Alison
Phillips, Karl P.
Coughlan, Jamie
Egan, Fintan
Grealis, Ronan
Hutton, Steve
Leseur, Floriane
Ryan, Sarah
Poole, Russell
Rogan, Ger
Ryder, Elizabeth
Schaal, Patrick
Waters, Catherine
Wynne, Robert
Taylor, Martin
Prodöhl, Paulo
Creer, Simon
Llewellyn, Martin
McGinnity, Philip
Carvalho, Gary
Glover, Kevin Alan
author_facet Perry, William Bernard
Kaufmann, Joshka
Solberg, Monica Favnebøe
Brodie, Christopher
Coral Medina, Angela Maria
Pillay, Kirthana
Egerton, Anna
Harvey, Alison
Phillips, Karl P.
Coughlan, Jamie
Egan, Fintan
Grealis, Ronan
Hutton, Steve
Leseur, Floriane
Ryan, Sarah
Poole, Russell
Rogan, Ger
Ryder, Elizabeth
Schaal, Patrick
Waters, Catherine
Wynne, Robert
Taylor, Martin
Prodöhl, Paulo
Creer, Simon
Llewellyn, Martin
McGinnity, Philip
Carvalho, Gary
Glover, Kevin Alan
author_sort Perry, William Bernard
collection PubMed
description Domestication leads to changes in traits that are under directional selection in breeding programmes, though unintentional changes in nonproduction traits can also arise. In offspring of escaping fish and any hybrid progeny, such unintentionally altered traits may reduce fitness in the wild. Atlantic salmon breeding programmes were established in the early 1970s, resulting in genetic changes in multiple traits. However, the impact of domestication on eye size has not been studied. We measured body size corrected eye size in 4000 salmon from six common garden experiments conducted under artificial and natural conditions, in freshwater and saltwater environments, in two countries. Within these common gardens, offspring of domesticated and wild parents were crossed to produce 11 strains, with varying genetic backgrounds (wild, domesticated, F1 hybrids, F2 hybrids and backcrosses). Size‐adjusted eye size was influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Domesticated fish reared under artificial conditions had smaller adjusted eye size when compared to wild fish reared under identical conditions, in both the freshwater and marine environments, and in both Irish and Norwegian experiments. However, in parr that had been introduced into a river environment shortly after hatching and sampled at the end of their first summer, differences in adjusted eye size observed among genetic groups were of a reduced magnitude and were nonsignificant in 2‐year‐old sea migrating smolts sampled in the river immediately prior to sea entry. Collectively, our findings could suggest that where natural selection is present, individuals with reduced eye size are maladapted and consequently have reduced fitness, building on our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie a well‐documented reduction in the fitness of the progeny of domesticated salmon, including hybrid progeny, in the wild.
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spelling pubmed-84776032021-10-01 Domestication‐induced reduction in eye size revealed in multiple common garden experiments: The case of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) Perry, William Bernard Kaufmann, Joshka Solberg, Monica Favnebøe Brodie, Christopher Coral Medina, Angela Maria Pillay, Kirthana Egerton, Anna Harvey, Alison Phillips, Karl P. Coughlan, Jamie Egan, Fintan Grealis, Ronan Hutton, Steve Leseur, Floriane Ryan, Sarah Poole, Russell Rogan, Ger Ryder, Elizabeth Schaal, Patrick Waters, Catherine Wynne, Robert Taylor, Martin Prodöhl, Paulo Creer, Simon Llewellyn, Martin McGinnity, Philip Carvalho, Gary Glover, Kevin Alan Evol Appl Original Articles Domestication leads to changes in traits that are under directional selection in breeding programmes, though unintentional changes in nonproduction traits can also arise. In offspring of escaping fish and any hybrid progeny, such unintentionally altered traits may reduce fitness in the wild. Atlantic salmon breeding programmes were established in the early 1970s, resulting in genetic changes in multiple traits. However, the impact of domestication on eye size has not been studied. We measured body size corrected eye size in 4000 salmon from six common garden experiments conducted under artificial and natural conditions, in freshwater and saltwater environments, in two countries. Within these common gardens, offspring of domesticated and wild parents were crossed to produce 11 strains, with varying genetic backgrounds (wild, domesticated, F1 hybrids, F2 hybrids and backcrosses). Size‐adjusted eye size was influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Domesticated fish reared under artificial conditions had smaller adjusted eye size when compared to wild fish reared under identical conditions, in both the freshwater and marine environments, and in both Irish and Norwegian experiments. However, in parr that had been introduced into a river environment shortly after hatching and sampled at the end of their first summer, differences in adjusted eye size observed among genetic groups were of a reduced magnitude and were nonsignificant in 2‐year‐old sea migrating smolts sampled in the river immediately prior to sea entry. Collectively, our findings could suggest that where natural selection is present, individuals with reduced eye size are maladapted and consequently have reduced fitness, building on our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie a well‐documented reduction in the fitness of the progeny of domesticated salmon, including hybrid progeny, in the wild. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8477603/ /pubmed/34603501 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13297 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Perry, William Bernard
Kaufmann, Joshka
Solberg, Monica Favnebøe
Brodie, Christopher
Coral Medina, Angela Maria
Pillay, Kirthana
Egerton, Anna
Harvey, Alison
Phillips, Karl P.
Coughlan, Jamie
Egan, Fintan
Grealis, Ronan
Hutton, Steve
Leseur, Floriane
Ryan, Sarah
Poole, Russell
Rogan, Ger
Ryder, Elizabeth
Schaal, Patrick
Waters, Catherine
Wynne, Robert
Taylor, Martin
Prodöhl, Paulo
Creer, Simon
Llewellyn, Martin
McGinnity, Philip
Carvalho, Gary
Glover, Kevin Alan
Domestication‐induced reduction in eye size revealed in multiple common garden experiments: The case of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
title Domestication‐induced reduction in eye size revealed in multiple common garden experiments: The case of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
title_full Domestication‐induced reduction in eye size revealed in multiple common garden experiments: The case of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
title_fullStr Domestication‐induced reduction in eye size revealed in multiple common garden experiments: The case of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
title_full_unstemmed Domestication‐induced reduction in eye size revealed in multiple common garden experiments: The case of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
title_short Domestication‐induced reduction in eye size revealed in multiple common garden experiments: The case of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
title_sort domestication‐induced reduction in eye size revealed in multiple common garden experiments: the case of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.)
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8477603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34603501
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13297
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