Central Nervous System Tuberculoma in the Corpus Callosum Mimicking a Butterfly Glioma: Literature Review of Radiological Findings and Our Experience

CONTEXT: Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculoma is the most common form of intracranial parenchymal tuberculosis (TB) which accounts for approximately 40% of misdiagnosed brain lesions mimicking intracranial tumors. The most common sites are the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and brainstem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiological findings of corpus callosum tuberculomas have been described and set in relation with the available literature. RESULTS: Corpus callosum tuberculomas are extremely rare, with only five cases reported in the current literature. Even though isolated CNS tuberculoma of the corpus callosum without systemic TB in immunocompetent patients occurs rarely, as in our case, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary corpus callosum lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Careful evaluation of the neuroradiological images with adequate clinicoradiological correlation allows for accurate diagnosis and ensures the proper and timely care.