Longitudinal effects of COVID-19-related loneliness on symptoms of mental distress among older adults in Austria

OBJECTIVE: COVID-19-related social restrictions resulted in more loneliness, but whether this had further effects on mental health remains unclear. This study aimed at examining the longitudinal effects of COVID-19-related loneliness on mental health among older adults (aged ≥60 years) in Austria. STUDY DESIGN: Survey data were gathered from a longitudinal observational study among a random sample of older Austrian adults. The first survey wave was conducted in May 2020 (N(1) = 557), and the second wave was conducted in March 2021 (N(2) = 463). METHODS: Data collection was based on either computer-assisted web or telephone interviewing. For statistical analysis, we used a cross-lagged panel analysis. RESULTS: The results showed the perceived COVID-19-related social restrictions to predict loneliness, which in turn predicted depressive and anxiety symptoms 10 months later. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19-related loneliness emerged as a risk factor for subsequent mental distress among older adults in Austria.