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Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities

OBJECTIVE: Patients with autoimmune diseases often present with olfactory impairment. The aim of the study was to assess the olfactory functions of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and to correlate these findings with their disease activity. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with primary SS and 52...

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Autores principales: Xu, Xue, Geng, Linyu, Chen, Chen, Kong, Wentao, Wen, Baojie, Kong, Wei, Chen, Siwen, Zhang, Huayong, Liang, Jun, Sun, Lingyun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8480095/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34587995
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02624-6
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author Xu, Xue
Geng, Linyu
Chen, Chen
Kong, Wentao
Wen, Baojie
Kong, Wei
Chen, Siwen
Zhang, Huayong
Liang, Jun
Sun, Lingyun
author_facet Xu, Xue
Geng, Linyu
Chen, Chen
Kong, Wentao
Wen, Baojie
Kong, Wei
Chen, Siwen
Zhang, Huayong
Liang, Jun
Sun, Lingyun
author_sort Xu, Xue
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Patients with autoimmune diseases often present with olfactory impairment. The aim of the study was to assess the olfactory functions of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and to correlate these findings with their disease activity. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with primary SS and 52 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects were included. All of them underwent clinical and laboratory examination. Olfactory functions were evaluated using olfactory function assessment by computerized testing including the three stages of smell: threshold, identification, and memory of the different odors. RESULTS: All the olfactory scores (olfactory threshold, identification, and memory) in patients with pSS were significantly decreased than the control group (all P < 0.01). Patients had higher proportion of anosmia (13.5% vs 0%) and hyposmia (19.2% vs 11.5%) than controls (χ(2) = 10.526, P < 0.01). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that ESSDAI and the symptoms of dryness, fatigue, and limb pain had negative influence on olfactory function (adjusted R(2) = 0.381, 0.387, 0.513, and 0.614, respectively). ESSPRI showed significantly negative association with olfactory threshold, identification, memory, and total scores. Olfactory identification and memory scores were decreased in pSS patients with thyroid dysfunction or hypocomplementemia (P < 0.05). Smell threshold scores were decreased in pSS patients with anti-SSA antibody or anti-nuclear antibody compared with those without those autoantibodies (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that olfactory functions are impaired in pSS patients. There was a close correlation between olfactory dysfunction and disease severity and immunological abnormalities. Immune and systemic inflammation dysregulation might play a role in the mechanism of this defect. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02624-6.
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spelling pubmed-84800952021-09-30 Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities Xu, Xue Geng, Linyu Chen, Chen Kong, Wentao Wen, Baojie Kong, Wei Chen, Siwen Zhang, Huayong Liang, Jun Sun, Lingyun Arthritis Res Ther Research Article OBJECTIVE: Patients with autoimmune diseases often present with olfactory impairment. The aim of the study was to assess the olfactory functions of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and to correlate these findings with their disease activity. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with primary SS and 52 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects were included. All of them underwent clinical and laboratory examination. Olfactory functions were evaluated using olfactory function assessment by computerized testing including the three stages of smell: threshold, identification, and memory of the different odors. RESULTS: All the olfactory scores (olfactory threshold, identification, and memory) in patients with pSS were significantly decreased than the control group (all P < 0.01). Patients had higher proportion of anosmia (13.5% vs 0%) and hyposmia (19.2% vs 11.5%) than controls (χ(2) = 10.526, P < 0.01). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that ESSDAI and the symptoms of dryness, fatigue, and limb pain had negative influence on olfactory function (adjusted R(2) = 0.381, 0.387, 0.513, and 0.614, respectively). ESSPRI showed significantly negative association with olfactory threshold, identification, memory, and total scores. Olfactory identification and memory scores were decreased in pSS patients with thyroid dysfunction or hypocomplementemia (P < 0.05). Smell threshold scores were decreased in pSS patients with anti-SSA antibody or anti-nuclear antibody compared with those without those autoantibodies (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that olfactory functions are impaired in pSS patients. There was a close correlation between olfactory dysfunction and disease severity and immunological abnormalities. Immune and systemic inflammation dysregulation might play a role in the mechanism of this defect. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02624-6. BioMed Central 2021-09-29 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8480095/ /pubmed/34587995 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02624-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Xu, Xue
Geng, Linyu
Chen, Chen
Kong, Wentao
Wen, Baojie
Kong, Wei
Chen, Siwen
Zhang, Huayong
Liang, Jun
Sun, Lingyun
Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities
title Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities
title_full Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities
title_fullStr Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities
title_full_unstemmed Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities
title_short Olfactory impairment in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities
title_sort olfactory impairment in patients with primary sjogren’s syndrome and its correlation with organ involvement and immunological abnormalities
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8480095/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34587995
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13075-021-02624-6
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