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Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance
Endocrine therapy is a standard treatment offered to patients with ERα (estrogen receptor α)-positive breast cancer. In endocrine therapy, ERα is either directly targeted by anti-estrogens or indirectly by aromatase inhibitors which cause estrogen deficiency. Resistance to these drugs (endocrine res...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8480308/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34604071 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.736597 |
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author | Dittmer, Jürgen |
author_facet | Dittmer, Jürgen |
author_sort | Dittmer, Jürgen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Endocrine therapy is a standard treatment offered to patients with ERα (estrogen receptor α)-positive breast cancer. In endocrine therapy, ERα is either directly targeted by anti-estrogens or indirectly by aromatase inhibitors which cause estrogen deficiency. Resistance to these drugs (endocrine resistance) compromises the efficiency of this treatment and requires additional measures. Endocrine resistance is often caused by deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 activities allowing inhibitors of these factors to be used clinically to counteract endocrine resistance. The nuclear mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance are beginning to emerge. Exploring these mechanisms may reveal additional druggable targets, which could help to further improve patients’ outcome in an endocrine resistance setting. This review intends to summarize our current knowledge on the nuclear mechanisms linked to endocrine resistance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8480308 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84803082021-09-30 Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance Dittmer, Jürgen Front Oncol Oncology Endocrine therapy is a standard treatment offered to patients with ERα (estrogen receptor α)-positive breast cancer. In endocrine therapy, ERα is either directly targeted by anti-estrogens or indirectly by aromatase inhibitors which cause estrogen deficiency. Resistance to these drugs (endocrine resistance) compromises the efficiency of this treatment and requires additional measures. Endocrine resistance is often caused by deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 activities allowing inhibitors of these factors to be used clinically to counteract endocrine resistance. The nuclear mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance are beginning to emerge. Exploring these mechanisms may reveal additional druggable targets, which could help to further improve patients’ outcome in an endocrine resistance setting. This review intends to summarize our current knowledge on the nuclear mechanisms linked to endocrine resistance. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8480308/ /pubmed/34604071 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.736597 Text en Copyright © 2021 Dittmer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Oncology Dittmer, Jürgen Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance |
title | Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance |
title_full | Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance |
title_fullStr | Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance |
title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance |
title_short | Nuclear Mechanisms Involved in Endocrine Resistance |
title_sort | nuclear mechanisms involved in endocrine resistance |
topic | Oncology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8480308/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34604071 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.736597 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT dittmerjurgen nuclearmechanismsinvolvedinendocrineresistance |