Plant-parasitic nematodes on turfgrass in Queensland, Australia, and biosecurity issues associated with the interstate transfer and eradication of southern sting nematode (Ibipora lolii)

Southern sting nematode (Ibipora lolii), by far the most damaging nematode pest of turfgrass in Australia, was first reported from the Newcastle area of New South Wales in 1979 and is now widely distributed in the Central Coast region of NSW; is causing severe damage to sportsgrounds in Perth, Western Australia; and has been reported from a few locations in other states. This paper reports a recent example of interstate transfer, as small rolls of turf transferred from a turf nursery in Victoria to the Brisbane Cricket Ground (the Gabba) for the Australian Football League Grand Final in October 2020 were found to be infested with I. lolii. Despite this transfer, evidence is provided to suggest that Queensland should be considered provisionally free of I. lolii. First, in the period from 2006 to 2021, 744 turfgrass samples from 160 Queensland locations were processed by two diagnostic laboratories and I. lolii was never detected. Second, I. lolii was not found at the two Queensland locations reported in 2010 as being infested. Third, an action plan designed to eliminate I. lolii from the Gabba (removal and disposal of the infested turf; fumigation of the sites where the infested turf had been laid; and application of nematicides to the fumigated areas and the whole oval) appears to have been successful, as I. lolii was not detected in a post-treatment monitoring program. The paper concludes by arguing that Queensland biosecurity authorities should list I. lolii as one of its priority pests, establish a surveillance program for the nematode, and develop strategies to minimise the risk of I. lolii being transferred into and within the state.