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Olfactory Receptor Gene Regulation in Insects: Multiple Mechanisms for Singular Expression
The singular expression of insect olfactory receptors in specific populations of olfactory sensory neurons is fundamental to the encoding of odors in patterns of neuronal activity in the brain. How a receptor gene is selected, from among a large repertoire in the genome, to be expressed in a particu...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8481607/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34602974 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.738088 |
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author | Mika, Kaan Benton, Richard |
author_facet | Mika, Kaan Benton, Richard |
author_sort | Mika, Kaan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The singular expression of insect olfactory receptors in specific populations of olfactory sensory neurons is fundamental to the encoding of odors in patterns of neuronal activity in the brain. How a receptor gene is selected, from among a large repertoire in the genome, to be expressed in a particular neuron is an outstanding question. Focusing on Drosophila melanogaster, where most investigations have been performed, but incorporating recent insights from other insect species, we review the multilevel regulatory mechanisms of olfactory receptor expression. We discuss how cis-regulatory elements, trans-acting factors, chromatin modifications, and feedback pathways collaborate to activate and maintain expression of the chosen receptor (and to suppress others), highlighting similarities and differences with the mechanisms underlying singular receptor expression in mammals. We also consider the plasticity of receptor regulation in response to environmental cues and internal state during the lifetime of an individual, as well as the evolution of novel expression patterns over longer timescales. Finally, we describe the mechanisms and potential significance of examples of receptor co-expression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8481607 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84816072021-10-01 Olfactory Receptor Gene Regulation in Insects: Multiple Mechanisms for Singular Expression Mika, Kaan Benton, Richard Front Neurosci Neuroscience The singular expression of insect olfactory receptors in specific populations of olfactory sensory neurons is fundamental to the encoding of odors in patterns of neuronal activity in the brain. How a receptor gene is selected, from among a large repertoire in the genome, to be expressed in a particular neuron is an outstanding question. Focusing on Drosophila melanogaster, where most investigations have been performed, but incorporating recent insights from other insect species, we review the multilevel regulatory mechanisms of olfactory receptor expression. We discuss how cis-regulatory elements, trans-acting factors, chromatin modifications, and feedback pathways collaborate to activate and maintain expression of the chosen receptor (and to suppress others), highlighting similarities and differences with the mechanisms underlying singular receptor expression in mammals. We also consider the plasticity of receptor regulation in response to environmental cues and internal state during the lifetime of an individual, as well as the evolution of novel expression patterns over longer timescales. Finally, we describe the mechanisms and potential significance of examples of receptor co-expression. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8481607/ /pubmed/34602974 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.738088 Text en Copyright © 2021 Mika and Benton. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Mika, Kaan Benton, Richard Olfactory Receptor Gene Regulation in Insects: Multiple Mechanisms for Singular Expression |
title | Olfactory Receptor Gene Regulation in Insects: Multiple Mechanisms for Singular Expression |
title_full | Olfactory Receptor Gene Regulation in Insects: Multiple Mechanisms for Singular Expression |
title_fullStr | Olfactory Receptor Gene Regulation in Insects: Multiple Mechanisms for Singular Expression |
title_full_unstemmed | Olfactory Receptor Gene Regulation in Insects: Multiple Mechanisms for Singular Expression |
title_short | Olfactory Receptor Gene Regulation in Insects: Multiple Mechanisms for Singular Expression |
title_sort | olfactory receptor gene regulation in insects: multiple mechanisms for singular expression |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8481607/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34602974 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.738088 |
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