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Spatial Cognition in Children With Physical Disability; What Is the Impact of Restricted Independent Exploration?
Given the developmental inter-relationship between motor ability and spatial skills, we investigated the impact of physical disability (PD) on spatial cognition. Fifty-three children with special educational needs including PD were divided into those who were wheelchair users (n = 34) and those with...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8481797/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34602992 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.669034 |
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author | Farran, Emily K. Critten, Valerie Courbois, Yannick Campbell, Emma Messer, David |
author_facet | Farran, Emily K. Critten, Valerie Courbois, Yannick Campbell, Emma Messer, David |
author_sort | Farran, Emily K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Given the developmental inter-relationship between motor ability and spatial skills, we investigated the impact of physical disability (PD) on spatial cognition. Fifty-three children with special educational needs including PD were divided into those who were wheelchair users (n = 34) and those with independent locomotion ability (n = 19). This division additionally enabled us to determine the impact of limited independent physical exploration (i.e., required wheelchair use) on spatial competence. We compared the spatial performance of children in these two PD groups to that of typically developing (TD) children who spanned the range of non-verbal ability of the PD groups. Participants completed three spatial tasks; a mental rotation task, a spatial programming task and a desktop virtual reality (VR) navigation task. Levels of impairment of the PD groups were broadly commensurate with their overall level of non-verbal ability. The exception to this was the performance of the PD wheelchair group on the mental rotation task, which was below that expected for their level of non-verbal ability. Group differences in approach to the spatial programming task were evident in that both PD groups showed a different error pattern from the TD group. These findings suggested that for children with both learning difficulties and PD, the unique developmental impact on spatial ability of having physical disabilities, over and above the impact of any learning difficulties, is minimal. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8481797 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84817972021-10-01 Spatial Cognition in Children With Physical Disability; What Is the Impact of Restricted Independent Exploration? Farran, Emily K. Critten, Valerie Courbois, Yannick Campbell, Emma Messer, David Front Hum Neurosci Human Neuroscience Given the developmental inter-relationship between motor ability and spatial skills, we investigated the impact of physical disability (PD) on spatial cognition. Fifty-three children with special educational needs including PD were divided into those who were wheelchair users (n = 34) and those with independent locomotion ability (n = 19). This division additionally enabled us to determine the impact of limited independent physical exploration (i.e., required wheelchair use) on spatial competence. We compared the spatial performance of children in these two PD groups to that of typically developing (TD) children who spanned the range of non-verbal ability of the PD groups. Participants completed three spatial tasks; a mental rotation task, a spatial programming task and a desktop virtual reality (VR) navigation task. Levels of impairment of the PD groups were broadly commensurate with their overall level of non-verbal ability. The exception to this was the performance of the PD wheelchair group on the mental rotation task, which was below that expected for their level of non-verbal ability. Group differences in approach to the spatial programming task were evident in that both PD groups showed a different error pattern from the TD group. These findings suggested that for children with both learning difficulties and PD, the unique developmental impact on spatial ability of having physical disabilities, over and above the impact of any learning difficulties, is minimal. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8481797/ /pubmed/34602992 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.669034 Text en Copyright © 2021 Farran, Critten, Courbois, Campbell and Messer. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Human Neuroscience Farran, Emily K. Critten, Valerie Courbois, Yannick Campbell, Emma Messer, David Spatial Cognition in Children With Physical Disability; What Is the Impact of Restricted Independent Exploration? |
title | Spatial Cognition in Children With Physical Disability; What Is the Impact of Restricted Independent Exploration? |
title_full | Spatial Cognition in Children With Physical Disability; What Is the Impact of Restricted Independent Exploration? |
title_fullStr | Spatial Cognition in Children With Physical Disability; What Is the Impact of Restricted Independent Exploration? |
title_full_unstemmed | Spatial Cognition in Children With Physical Disability; What Is the Impact of Restricted Independent Exploration? |
title_short | Spatial Cognition in Children With Physical Disability; What Is the Impact of Restricted Independent Exploration? |
title_sort | spatial cognition in children with physical disability; what is the impact of restricted independent exploration? |
topic | Human Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8481797/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34602992 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.669034 |
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