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Lichen Polyphenolic Compounds for the Eradication of Candida albicans Biofilms
Lichens, due to their symbiotic nature (association between fungi and algae), constitute a chemical factory of original compounds. Polyphenolic compounds (depsides and depsidones) are the main constituents of lichens and are exclusively biosynthesized by these organisms. A panel of 11 polyphenols wa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8481799/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34604104 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.698883 |
Sumario: | Lichens, due to their symbiotic nature (association between fungi and algae), constitute a chemical factory of original compounds. Polyphenolic compounds (depsides and depsidones) are the main constituents of lichens and are exclusively biosynthesized by these organisms. A panel of 11 polyphenols was evaluated for their anti-biofilm activity against Candida albicans biofilms on the maturation phase (anti-maturation) (MMIC(50)) as well as on preformed 24-h-old biofilm (anti-biofilm) (MBIC(50)) using the XTT assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of compounds (MICs) against C. albicans planktonic yeast were also determined using a broth microdilution method. While none of the tested compounds were active against planktonic cells (IC(50) > 100 µg/ml), three depsides slowed the biofilm maturation (MMIC(50) ≤12.5 µg/ml after 48 h of contact with Candida cells). Evernic acid was able to both slow the maturation and reduce the already formed biofilms with MBIC(50) ≤12.5 µg/ml after 48 h of contact with the biofilm. This compound shows a weak toxicity against HeLa cells (22%) at the minimal active concentration and no hemolytic activity at 100 µg/ml. Microscopic observations of evernic acid and optimization of its solubility were performed to further study this compound. This work confirmed the anti-biofilm potential of depsides, especially evernic acid, and allows to establish the structure–activity relationships to better explain the anti-biofilm potential of these compounds. |
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