Ovarian Dermoid (Mature Cystic Teratoma) in a Postmenopausal Woman: Incidence of Sonographic Signs

Ovarian dermoid is a common surgically treatable cause of female infertility. Although the fat component of mature cystic teratoma (MCT) appears hyperechoic on ultrasonography, sometimes it poses a diagnostic challenge to differentiate from a complex ovarian cyst / hemorrhagic cyst. The varied presentation of MCT on ultrasonography is due to varying proportions of components belonging to all three germ cell layers such as epithelium, hair, bone, tooth, and cartilage. This case report describes the high-resolution ultrasonography appearance of MCT in a 48-year-old nulliparous post-menopausal woman and provides an elaborative note on how reliable diagnostic signs of MCT on ultrasonography and prompt recognition of the entity has a favorable outcome on prognosis.