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Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation

In vertebrates, the skeletal muscles of the body and their associated stem cells originate from muscle progenitor cells, during development. The specification of the muscles of the trunk, head and limbs, relies on the activity of distinct genetic hierarchies. The major regulators of trunk and limb m...

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Autores principales: Esteves de Lima, Joana, Relaix, Frédéric
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Singapore 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8484369/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34595600
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13619-021-00093-5
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author Esteves de Lima, Joana
Relaix, Frédéric
author_facet Esteves de Lima, Joana
Relaix, Frédéric
author_sort Esteves de Lima, Joana
collection PubMed
description In vertebrates, the skeletal muscles of the body and their associated stem cells originate from muscle progenitor cells, during development. The specification of the muscles of the trunk, head and limbs, relies on the activity of distinct genetic hierarchies. The major regulators of trunk and limb muscle specification are the paired-homeobox transcription factors PAX3 and PAX7. Distinct gene regulatory networks drive the formation of the different muscles of the head. Despite the redeployment of diverse upstream regulators of muscle progenitor differentiation, the commitment towards the myogenic fate requires the expression of the early myogenic regulatory factors MYF5, MRF4, MYOD and the late differentiation marker MYOG. The expression of these genes is activated by muscle progenitors throughout development, in several waves of myogenic differentiation, constituting the embryonic, fetal and postnatal phases of muscle growth. In order to achieve myogenic cell commitment while maintaining an undifferentiated pool of muscle progenitors, several signaling pathways regulate the switch between proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. The identification of the gene regulatory networks operating during myogenesis is crucial for the development of in vitro protocols to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into myoblasts required for regenerative medicine.
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spelling pubmed-84843692021-10-08 Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation Esteves de Lima, Joana Relaix, Frédéric Cell Regen Review In vertebrates, the skeletal muscles of the body and their associated stem cells originate from muscle progenitor cells, during development. The specification of the muscles of the trunk, head and limbs, relies on the activity of distinct genetic hierarchies. The major regulators of trunk and limb muscle specification are the paired-homeobox transcription factors PAX3 and PAX7. Distinct gene regulatory networks drive the formation of the different muscles of the head. Despite the redeployment of diverse upstream regulators of muscle progenitor differentiation, the commitment towards the myogenic fate requires the expression of the early myogenic regulatory factors MYF5, MRF4, MYOD and the late differentiation marker MYOG. The expression of these genes is activated by muscle progenitors throughout development, in several waves of myogenic differentiation, constituting the embryonic, fetal and postnatal phases of muscle growth. In order to achieve myogenic cell commitment while maintaining an undifferentiated pool of muscle progenitors, several signaling pathways regulate the switch between proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. The identification of the gene regulatory networks operating during myogenesis is crucial for the development of in vitro protocols to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into myoblasts required for regenerative medicine. Springer Singapore 2021-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8484369/ /pubmed/34595600 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13619-021-00093-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Esteves de Lima, Joana
Relaix, Frédéric
Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation
title Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation
title_full Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation
title_fullStr Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation
title_full_unstemmed Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation
title_short Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation
title_sort master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8484369/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34595600
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13619-021-00093-5
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