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Delayed Onset of Inhibition of Return in Visual Snow Syndrome
Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a complex, sensory processing disorder. We have previously shown that visual processing changes manifest in significantly faster eye movements toward a suddenly appearing visual stimulus and difficulty inhibiting an eye movement toward a non-target visual stimulus. We p...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8484518/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34603190 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.738599 |
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author | Foletta, Paige J. Clough, Meaghan McKendrick, Allison M. Solly, Emma J. White, Owen B. Fielding, Joanne |
author_facet | Foletta, Paige J. Clough, Meaghan McKendrick, Allison M. Solly, Emma J. White, Owen B. Fielding, Joanne |
author_sort | Foletta, Paige J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a complex, sensory processing disorder. We have previously shown that visual processing changes manifest in significantly faster eye movements toward a suddenly appearing visual stimulus and difficulty inhibiting an eye movement toward a non-target visual stimulus. We propose that these changes reflect poor attentional control and occur whether attention is directed exogenously by a suddenly appearing event, or endogenously as a function of manipulating expectation surrounding an upcoming event. Irrespective of how attention is captured, competing facilitatory and inhibitory processes prioritise sensory information that is important to us, filtering out that which is irrelevant. A well-known feature of this conflict is the alteration to behaviour that accompanies variation in the temporal relationship between competing sensory events that manipulate facilitatory and inhibitory processes. A classic example of this is the “Inhibition of Return” (IOR) phenomenon that describes the relative slowing of a response to a validly cued location compared to invalidly cued location with longer cue/target intervals. This study explored temporal changes in the allocation of attention using an ocular motor version of Posner's IOR paradigm, manipulating attention exogenously by varying the temporal relationship between a non-predictive visual cue and target stimulus. Forty participants with VSS (20 with migraine) and 20 controls participated. Saccades were generated to both validly cued and invalidly cued targets with 67, 150, 300, and 500 ms cue/target intervals. VSS participants demonstrated delayed onset of IOR. Unlike controls, who exhibited IOR with 300 and 500 ms cue/target intervals, VSS participants only exhibited IOR with 500 ms cue/target intervals. These findings provide further evidence that attention is impacted in VSS, manifesting in a distinct saccadic behavioural profile, and delayed onset of IOR. Whether IOR is perceived as the build-up of an inhibitory bias against returning attention to an already inspected location or a consequence of a stronger attentional orienting response elicited by the cue, our results are consistent with the proposal that in VSS, a shift of attention elicits a stronger increase in saccade-related activity than healthy controls. This work provides a more refined saccadic behavioural profile of VSS that can be interrogated further using sophisticated neuroimaging techniques and may, in combination with other saccadic markers, be used to monitor the efficacy of any future treatments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8484518 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84845182021-10-02 Delayed Onset of Inhibition of Return in Visual Snow Syndrome Foletta, Paige J. Clough, Meaghan McKendrick, Allison M. Solly, Emma J. White, Owen B. Fielding, Joanne Front Neurol Neurology Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a complex, sensory processing disorder. We have previously shown that visual processing changes manifest in significantly faster eye movements toward a suddenly appearing visual stimulus and difficulty inhibiting an eye movement toward a non-target visual stimulus. We propose that these changes reflect poor attentional control and occur whether attention is directed exogenously by a suddenly appearing event, or endogenously as a function of manipulating expectation surrounding an upcoming event. Irrespective of how attention is captured, competing facilitatory and inhibitory processes prioritise sensory information that is important to us, filtering out that which is irrelevant. A well-known feature of this conflict is the alteration to behaviour that accompanies variation in the temporal relationship between competing sensory events that manipulate facilitatory and inhibitory processes. A classic example of this is the “Inhibition of Return” (IOR) phenomenon that describes the relative slowing of a response to a validly cued location compared to invalidly cued location with longer cue/target intervals. This study explored temporal changes in the allocation of attention using an ocular motor version of Posner's IOR paradigm, manipulating attention exogenously by varying the temporal relationship between a non-predictive visual cue and target stimulus. Forty participants with VSS (20 with migraine) and 20 controls participated. Saccades were generated to both validly cued and invalidly cued targets with 67, 150, 300, and 500 ms cue/target intervals. VSS participants demonstrated delayed onset of IOR. Unlike controls, who exhibited IOR with 300 and 500 ms cue/target intervals, VSS participants only exhibited IOR with 500 ms cue/target intervals. These findings provide further evidence that attention is impacted in VSS, manifesting in a distinct saccadic behavioural profile, and delayed onset of IOR. Whether IOR is perceived as the build-up of an inhibitory bias against returning attention to an already inspected location or a consequence of a stronger attentional orienting response elicited by the cue, our results are consistent with the proposal that in VSS, a shift of attention elicits a stronger increase in saccade-related activity than healthy controls. This work provides a more refined saccadic behavioural profile of VSS that can be interrogated further using sophisticated neuroimaging techniques and may, in combination with other saccadic markers, be used to monitor the efficacy of any future treatments. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8484518/ /pubmed/34603190 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.738599 Text en Copyright © 2021 Foletta, Clough, McKendrick, Solly, White and Fielding. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neurology Foletta, Paige J. Clough, Meaghan McKendrick, Allison M. Solly, Emma J. White, Owen B. Fielding, Joanne Delayed Onset of Inhibition of Return in Visual Snow Syndrome |
title | Delayed Onset of Inhibition of Return in Visual Snow Syndrome |
title_full | Delayed Onset of Inhibition of Return in Visual Snow Syndrome |
title_fullStr | Delayed Onset of Inhibition of Return in Visual Snow Syndrome |
title_full_unstemmed | Delayed Onset of Inhibition of Return in Visual Snow Syndrome |
title_short | Delayed Onset of Inhibition of Return in Visual Snow Syndrome |
title_sort | delayed onset of inhibition of return in visual snow syndrome |
topic | Neurology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8484518/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34603190 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.738599 |
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