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A 3,000-year-old, basal S. enterica lineage from Bronze Age Xinjiang suggests spread along the Proto-Silk Road
Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) has infected humans for a long time, but its evolutionary history and geographic spread across Eurasia is still poorly understood. Here, we screened for pathogen DNA in 14 ancient individuals from the Bronze Age Quanergou cemetery (XBQ), Xinjiang, China. In 6 indivi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8486138/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34547027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009886 |
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author | Wu, Xiyan Ning, Chao Key, Felix M. Andrades Valtueña, Aida Lankapalli, Aditya Kumar Gao, Shizhu Yang, Xuan Zhang, Fan Liu, Linlin Nie, Zhongzhi Ma, Jian Krause, Johannes Herbig, Alexander Cui, Yinqiu |
author_facet | Wu, Xiyan Ning, Chao Key, Felix M. Andrades Valtueña, Aida Lankapalli, Aditya Kumar Gao, Shizhu Yang, Xuan Zhang, Fan Liu, Linlin Nie, Zhongzhi Ma, Jian Krause, Johannes Herbig, Alexander Cui, Yinqiu |
author_sort | Wu, Xiyan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) has infected humans for a long time, but its evolutionary history and geographic spread across Eurasia is still poorly understood. Here, we screened for pathogen DNA in 14 ancient individuals from the Bronze Age Quanergou cemetery (XBQ), Xinjiang, China. In 6 individuals we detected S. enterica. We reconstructed S. enterica genomes from those individuals, which form a previously undetected phylogenetic branch basal to Paratyphi C, Typhisuis and Choleraesuis–the so-called Para C lineage. Based on pseudogene frequency, our analysis suggests that the ancient S. enterica strains were not host adapted. One genome, however, harbors the Salmonella pathogenicity island 7 (SPI-7), which is thought to be involved in (para)typhoid disease in humans. This offers first evidence that SPI-7 was acquired prior to the emergence of human-adapted Paratyphi C around 1,000 years ago. Altogether, our results show that Salmonella enterica infected humans in Eastern Eurasia at least 3,000 years ago, and provide the first ancient DNA evidence for the spread of a pathogen along the Proto-Silk Road. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8486138 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84861382021-10-02 A 3,000-year-old, basal S. enterica lineage from Bronze Age Xinjiang suggests spread along the Proto-Silk Road Wu, Xiyan Ning, Chao Key, Felix M. Andrades Valtueña, Aida Lankapalli, Aditya Kumar Gao, Shizhu Yang, Xuan Zhang, Fan Liu, Linlin Nie, Zhongzhi Ma, Jian Krause, Johannes Herbig, Alexander Cui, Yinqiu PLoS Pathog Research Article Salmonella enterica (S. enterica) has infected humans for a long time, but its evolutionary history and geographic spread across Eurasia is still poorly understood. Here, we screened for pathogen DNA in 14 ancient individuals from the Bronze Age Quanergou cemetery (XBQ), Xinjiang, China. In 6 individuals we detected S. enterica. We reconstructed S. enterica genomes from those individuals, which form a previously undetected phylogenetic branch basal to Paratyphi C, Typhisuis and Choleraesuis–the so-called Para C lineage. Based on pseudogene frequency, our analysis suggests that the ancient S. enterica strains were not host adapted. One genome, however, harbors the Salmonella pathogenicity island 7 (SPI-7), which is thought to be involved in (para)typhoid disease in humans. This offers first evidence that SPI-7 was acquired prior to the emergence of human-adapted Paratyphi C around 1,000 years ago. Altogether, our results show that Salmonella enterica infected humans in Eastern Eurasia at least 3,000 years ago, and provide the first ancient DNA evidence for the spread of a pathogen along the Proto-Silk Road. Public Library of Science 2021-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8486138/ /pubmed/34547027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009886 Text en © 2021 Wu et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Wu, Xiyan Ning, Chao Key, Felix M. Andrades Valtueña, Aida Lankapalli, Aditya Kumar Gao, Shizhu Yang, Xuan Zhang, Fan Liu, Linlin Nie, Zhongzhi Ma, Jian Krause, Johannes Herbig, Alexander Cui, Yinqiu A 3,000-year-old, basal S. enterica lineage from Bronze Age Xinjiang suggests spread along the Proto-Silk Road |
title | A 3,000-year-old, basal S. enterica lineage from Bronze Age Xinjiang suggests spread along the Proto-Silk Road |
title_full | A 3,000-year-old, basal S. enterica lineage from Bronze Age Xinjiang suggests spread along the Proto-Silk Road |
title_fullStr | A 3,000-year-old, basal S. enterica lineage from Bronze Age Xinjiang suggests spread along the Proto-Silk Road |
title_full_unstemmed | A 3,000-year-old, basal S. enterica lineage from Bronze Age Xinjiang suggests spread along the Proto-Silk Road |
title_short | A 3,000-year-old, basal S. enterica lineage from Bronze Age Xinjiang suggests spread along the Proto-Silk Road |
title_sort | 3,000-year-old, basal s. enterica lineage from bronze age xinjiang suggests spread along the proto-silk road |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8486138/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34547027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009886 |
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