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Effects of IQW and IRW on Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in ETEC-Induced Diarrhea
METHODS: The mice were randomly distributed into four groups: (a) control (CTRL) group, (b) ETEC group, (c) IQW-ETEC group, and (d) IRW-ETEC group. Villus length and crypt depth were measured after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The inflammatory reaction was analyzed via inflammatory cytokines (i.e...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8486560/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34602857 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2752265 |
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author | Liu, Naiyuan Zhou, Lingsi Fang, Jun Jiang, Hongmei Liu, Gang |
author_facet | Liu, Naiyuan Zhou, Lingsi Fang, Jun Jiang, Hongmei Liu, Gang |
author_sort | Liu, Naiyuan |
collection | PubMed |
description | METHODS: The mice were randomly distributed into four groups: (a) control (CTRL) group, (b) ETEC group, (c) IQW-ETEC group, and (d) IRW-ETEC group. Villus length and crypt depth were measured after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The inflammatory reaction was analyzed via inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The microbiota in the colon was sequenced using 16S ribosomal RNA. RESULTS: The villus length decreased, the crypt depth decreased, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) increased due to ETEC. In the IRW-ETEC and IQW-ETEC groups, the Shannon index decreased (P < 0.05). IQW and IRW increased the abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and Alloprevotella; contrastingly, it decreased the abundance of Epsilonproteobacteria, Erysipelotrichales, Prevotellaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae compared to the ETEC group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: This study ascertained that the addition of IQW and IRW could alleviate jejunal inflammation and increase microbiota community diversity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8486560 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84865602021-10-02 Effects of IQW and IRW on Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in ETEC-Induced Diarrhea Liu, Naiyuan Zhou, Lingsi Fang, Jun Jiang, Hongmei Liu, Gang Mediators Inflamm Research Article METHODS: The mice were randomly distributed into four groups: (a) control (CTRL) group, (b) ETEC group, (c) IQW-ETEC group, and (d) IRW-ETEC group. Villus length and crypt depth were measured after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The inflammatory reaction was analyzed via inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The microbiota in the colon was sequenced using 16S ribosomal RNA. RESULTS: The villus length decreased, the crypt depth decreased, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10) increased due to ETEC. In the IRW-ETEC and IQW-ETEC groups, the Shannon index decreased (P < 0.05). IQW and IRW increased the abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and Alloprevotella; contrastingly, it decreased the abundance of Epsilonproteobacteria, Erysipelotrichales, Prevotellaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae compared to the ETEC group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: This study ascertained that the addition of IQW and IRW could alleviate jejunal inflammation and increase microbiota community diversity. Hindawi 2021-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8486560/ /pubmed/34602857 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2752265 Text en Copyright © 2021 Naiyuan Liu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Liu, Naiyuan Zhou, Lingsi Fang, Jun Jiang, Hongmei Liu, Gang Effects of IQW and IRW on Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in ETEC-Induced Diarrhea |
title | Effects of IQW and IRW on Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in ETEC-Induced Diarrhea |
title_full | Effects of IQW and IRW on Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in ETEC-Induced Diarrhea |
title_fullStr | Effects of IQW and IRW on Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in ETEC-Induced Diarrhea |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of IQW and IRW on Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in ETEC-Induced Diarrhea |
title_short | Effects of IQW and IRW on Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in ETEC-Induced Diarrhea |
title_sort | effects of iqw and irw on inflammation and gut microbiota in etec-induced diarrhea |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8486560/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34602857 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2752265 |
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