Cargando…
Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group
The goal of this study was to compare brain structure between individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy controls. Previous studies have generated inconsistent findings, possibly due to small sample sizes, or clinical/analytic heterogeneity. To address these concerns, we combine...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8486763/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34599145 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01622-1 |
_version_ | 1784577815539089408 |
---|---|
author | Harrewijn, Anita Cardinale, Elise M. Groenewold, Nynke A. Bas-Hoogendam, Janna Marie Aghajani, Moji Hilbert, Kevin Cardoner, Narcis Porta-Casteràs, Daniel Gosnell, Savannah Salas, Ramiro Jackowski, Andrea P. Pan, Pedro M. Salum, Giovanni A. Blair, Karina S. Blair, James R. Hammoud, Mira Z. Milad, Mohammed R. Burkhouse, Katie L. Phan, K. Luan Schroeder, Heidi K. Strawn, Jeffrey R. Beesdo-Baum, Katja Jahanshad, Neda Thomopoulos, Sophia I. Buckner, Randy Nielsen, Jared A. Smoller, Jordan W. Soares, Jair C. Mwangi, Benson Wu, Mon-Ju Zunta-Soares, Giovana B. Assaf, Michal Diefenbach, Gretchen J. Brambilla, Paolo Maggioni, Eleonora Hofmann, David Straube, Thomas Andreescu, Carmen Berta, Rachel Tamburo, Erica Price, Rebecca B. Manfro, Gisele G. Agosta, Federica Canu, Elisa Cividini, Camilla Filippi, Massimo Kostić, Milutin Munjiza Jovanovic, Ana Alberton, Bianca A. V. Benson, Brenda Freitag, Gabrielle F. Filippi, Courtney A. Gold, Andrea L. Leibenluft, Ellen Ringlein, Grace V. Werwath, Kathryn E. Zwiebel, Hannah Zugman, André Grabe, Hans J. Van der Auwera, Sandra Wittfeld, Katharina Völzke, Henry Bülow, Robin Balderston, Nicholas L. Ernst, Monique Grillon, Christian Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. van Nieuwenhuizen, Helena Critchley, Hugo D. Makovac, Elena Mancini, Matteo Meeten, Frances Ottaviani, Cristina Ball, Tali M. Fonzo, Gregory A. Paulus, Martin P. Stein, Murray B. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Ruben C. Kaczkurkin, Antonia N. Larsen, Bart Satterthwaite, Theodore D. Harper, Jennifer Myers, Michael Perino, Michael T. Sylvester, Chad M. Yu, Qiongru Lueken, Ulrike Veltman, Dick J. Thompson, Paul M. Stein, Dan J. Van der Wee, Nic J. A. Winkler, Anderson M. Pine, Daniel S. |
author_facet | Harrewijn, Anita Cardinale, Elise M. Groenewold, Nynke A. Bas-Hoogendam, Janna Marie Aghajani, Moji Hilbert, Kevin Cardoner, Narcis Porta-Casteràs, Daniel Gosnell, Savannah Salas, Ramiro Jackowski, Andrea P. Pan, Pedro M. Salum, Giovanni A. Blair, Karina S. Blair, James R. Hammoud, Mira Z. Milad, Mohammed R. Burkhouse, Katie L. Phan, K. Luan Schroeder, Heidi K. Strawn, Jeffrey R. Beesdo-Baum, Katja Jahanshad, Neda Thomopoulos, Sophia I. Buckner, Randy Nielsen, Jared A. Smoller, Jordan W. Soares, Jair C. Mwangi, Benson Wu, Mon-Ju Zunta-Soares, Giovana B. Assaf, Michal Diefenbach, Gretchen J. Brambilla, Paolo Maggioni, Eleonora Hofmann, David Straube, Thomas Andreescu, Carmen Berta, Rachel Tamburo, Erica Price, Rebecca B. Manfro, Gisele G. Agosta, Federica Canu, Elisa Cividini, Camilla Filippi, Massimo Kostić, Milutin Munjiza Jovanovic, Ana Alberton, Bianca A. V. Benson, Brenda Freitag, Gabrielle F. Filippi, Courtney A. Gold, Andrea L. Leibenluft, Ellen Ringlein, Grace V. Werwath, Kathryn E. Zwiebel, Hannah Zugman, André Grabe, Hans J. Van der Auwera, Sandra Wittfeld, Katharina Völzke, Henry Bülow, Robin Balderston, Nicholas L. Ernst, Monique Grillon, Christian Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. van Nieuwenhuizen, Helena Critchley, Hugo D. Makovac, Elena Mancini, Matteo Meeten, Frances Ottaviani, Cristina Ball, Tali M. Fonzo, Gregory A. Paulus, Martin P. Stein, Murray B. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Ruben C. Kaczkurkin, Antonia N. Larsen, Bart Satterthwaite, Theodore D. Harper, Jennifer Myers, Michael Perino, Michael T. Sylvester, Chad M. Yu, Qiongru Lueken, Ulrike Veltman, Dick J. Thompson, Paul M. Stein, Dan J. Van der Wee, Nic J. A. Winkler, Anderson M. Pine, Daniel S. |
author_sort | Harrewijn, Anita |
collection | PubMed |
description | The goal of this study was to compare brain structure between individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy controls. Previous studies have generated inconsistent findings, possibly due to small sample sizes, or clinical/analytic heterogeneity. To address these concerns, we combined data from 28 research sites worldwide through the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group, using a single, pre-registered mega-analysis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from children and adults (5–90 years) were processed using FreeSurfer. The main analysis included the regional and vertex-wise cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume as dependent variables, and GAD, age, age-squared, sex, and their interactions as independent variables. Nuisance variables included IQ, years of education, medication use, comorbidities, and global brain measures. The main analysis (1020 individuals with GAD and 2999 healthy controls) included random slopes per site and random intercepts per scanner. A secondary analysis (1112 individuals with GAD and 3282 healthy controls) included fixed slopes and random intercepts per scanner with the same variables. The main analysis showed no effect of GAD on brain structure, nor interactions involving GAD, age, or sex. The secondary analysis showed increased volume in the right ventral diencephalon in male individuals with GAD compared to male healthy controls, whereas female individuals with GAD did not differ from female healthy controls. This mega-analysis combining worldwide data showed that differences in brain structure related to GAD are small, possibly reflecting heterogeneity or those structural alterations are not a major component of its pathophysiology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8486763 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84867632021-10-19 Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group Harrewijn, Anita Cardinale, Elise M. Groenewold, Nynke A. Bas-Hoogendam, Janna Marie Aghajani, Moji Hilbert, Kevin Cardoner, Narcis Porta-Casteràs, Daniel Gosnell, Savannah Salas, Ramiro Jackowski, Andrea P. Pan, Pedro M. Salum, Giovanni A. Blair, Karina S. Blair, James R. Hammoud, Mira Z. Milad, Mohammed R. Burkhouse, Katie L. Phan, K. Luan Schroeder, Heidi K. Strawn, Jeffrey R. Beesdo-Baum, Katja Jahanshad, Neda Thomopoulos, Sophia I. Buckner, Randy Nielsen, Jared A. Smoller, Jordan W. Soares, Jair C. Mwangi, Benson Wu, Mon-Ju Zunta-Soares, Giovana B. Assaf, Michal Diefenbach, Gretchen J. Brambilla, Paolo Maggioni, Eleonora Hofmann, David Straube, Thomas Andreescu, Carmen Berta, Rachel Tamburo, Erica Price, Rebecca B. Manfro, Gisele G. Agosta, Federica Canu, Elisa Cividini, Camilla Filippi, Massimo Kostić, Milutin Munjiza Jovanovic, Ana Alberton, Bianca A. V. Benson, Brenda Freitag, Gabrielle F. Filippi, Courtney A. Gold, Andrea L. Leibenluft, Ellen Ringlein, Grace V. Werwath, Kathryn E. Zwiebel, Hannah Zugman, André Grabe, Hans J. Van der Auwera, Sandra Wittfeld, Katharina Völzke, Henry Bülow, Robin Balderston, Nicholas L. Ernst, Monique Grillon, Christian Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. van Nieuwenhuizen, Helena Critchley, Hugo D. Makovac, Elena Mancini, Matteo Meeten, Frances Ottaviani, Cristina Ball, Tali M. Fonzo, Gregory A. Paulus, Martin P. Stein, Murray B. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Ruben C. Kaczkurkin, Antonia N. Larsen, Bart Satterthwaite, Theodore D. Harper, Jennifer Myers, Michael Perino, Michael T. Sylvester, Chad M. Yu, Qiongru Lueken, Ulrike Veltman, Dick J. Thompson, Paul M. Stein, Dan J. Van der Wee, Nic J. A. Winkler, Anderson M. Pine, Daniel S. Transl Psychiatry Article The goal of this study was to compare brain structure between individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy controls. Previous studies have generated inconsistent findings, possibly due to small sample sizes, or clinical/analytic heterogeneity. To address these concerns, we combined data from 28 research sites worldwide through the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group, using a single, pre-registered mega-analysis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from children and adults (5–90 years) were processed using FreeSurfer. The main analysis included the regional and vertex-wise cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume as dependent variables, and GAD, age, age-squared, sex, and their interactions as independent variables. Nuisance variables included IQ, years of education, medication use, comorbidities, and global brain measures. The main analysis (1020 individuals with GAD and 2999 healthy controls) included random slopes per site and random intercepts per scanner. A secondary analysis (1112 individuals with GAD and 3282 healthy controls) included fixed slopes and random intercepts per scanner with the same variables. The main analysis showed no effect of GAD on brain structure, nor interactions involving GAD, age, or sex. The secondary analysis showed increased volume in the right ventral diencephalon in male individuals with GAD compared to male healthy controls, whereas female individuals with GAD did not differ from female healthy controls. This mega-analysis combining worldwide data showed that differences in brain structure related to GAD are small, possibly reflecting heterogeneity or those structural alterations are not a major component of its pathophysiology. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8486763/ /pubmed/34599145 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01622-1 Text en © This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Harrewijn, Anita Cardinale, Elise M. Groenewold, Nynke A. Bas-Hoogendam, Janna Marie Aghajani, Moji Hilbert, Kevin Cardoner, Narcis Porta-Casteràs, Daniel Gosnell, Savannah Salas, Ramiro Jackowski, Andrea P. Pan, Pedro M. Salum, Giovanni A. Blair, Karina S. Blair, James R. Hammoud, Mira Z. Milad, Mohammed R. Burkhouse, Katie L. Phan, K. Luan Schroeder, Heidi K. Strawn, Jeffrey R. Beesdo-Baum, Katja Jahanshad, Neda Thomopoulos, Sophia I. Buckner, Randy Nielsen, Jared A. Smoller, Jordan W. Soares, Jair C. Mwangi, Benson Wu, Mon-Ju Zunta-Soares, Giovana B. Assaf, Michal Diefenbach, Gretchen J. Brambilla, Paolo Maggioni, Eleonora Hofmann, David Straube, Thomas Andreescu, Carmen Berta, Rachel Tamburo, Erica Price, Rebecca B. Manfro, Gisele G. Agosta, Federica Canu, Elisa Cividini, Camilla Filippi, Massimo Kostić, Milutin Munjiza Jovanovic, Ana Alberton, Bianca A. V. Benson, Brenda Freitag, Gabrielle F. Filippi, Courtney A. Gold, Andrea L. Leibenluft, Ellen Ringlein, Grace V. Werwath, Kathryn E. Zwiebel, Hannah Zugman, André Grabe, Hans J. Van der Auwera, Sandra Wittfeld, Katharina Völzke, Henry Bülow, Robin Balderston, Nicholas L. Ernst, Monique Grillon, Christian Mujica-Parodi, Lilianne R. van Nieuwenhuizen, Helena Critchley, Hugo D. Makovac, Elena Mancini, Matteo Meeten, Frances Ottaviani, Cristina Ball, Tali M. Fonzo, Gregory A. Paulus, Martin P. Stein, Murray B. Gur, Raquel E. Gur, Ruben C. Kaczkurkin, Antonia N. Larsen, Bart Satterthwaite, Theodore D. Harper, Jennifer Myers, Michael Perino, Michael T. Sylvester, Chad M. Yu, Qiongru Lueken, Ulrike Veltman, Dick J. Thompson, Paul M. Stein, Dan J. Van der Wee, Nic J. A. Winkler, Anderson M. Pine, Daniel S. Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group |
title | Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group |
title_full | Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group |
title_fullStr | Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group |
title_full_unstemmed | Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group |
title_short | Cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group |
title_sort | cortical and subcortical brain structure in generalized anxiety disorder: findings from 28 research sites in the enigma-anxiety working group |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8486763/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34599145 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01622-1 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT harrewijnanita corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT cardinaleelisem corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT groenewoldnynkea corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT bashoogendamjannamarie corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT aghajanimoji corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT hilbertkevin corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT cardonernarcis corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT portacasterasdaniel corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT gosnellsavannah corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT salasramiro corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT jackowskiandreap corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT panpedrom corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT salumgiovannia corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT blairkarinas corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT blairjamesr corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT hammoudmiraz corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT miladmohammedr corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT burkhousekatiel corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT phankluan corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT schroederheidik corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT strawnjeffreyr corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT beesdobaumkatja corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT jahanshadneda corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT thomopoulossophiai corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT bucknerrandy corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT nielsenjareda corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT smollerjordanw corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT soaresjairc corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT mwangibenson corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT wumonju corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT zuntasoaresgiovanab corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT assafmichal corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT diefenbachgretchenj corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT brambillapaolo corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT maggionieleonora corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT hofmanndavid corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT straubethomas corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT andreescucarmen corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT bertarachel corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT tamburoerica corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT pricerebeccab corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT manfrogiseleg corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT agostafederica corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT canuelisa corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT cividinicamilla corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT filippimassimo corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT kosticmilutin corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT munjizajovanovicana corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT albertonbiancaav corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT bensonbrenda corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT freitaggabriellef corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT filippicourtneya corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT goldandreal corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT leibenluftellen corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT ringleingracev corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT werwathkathryne corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT zwiebelhannah corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT zugmanandre corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT grabehansj corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT vanderauwerasandra corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT wittfeldkatharina corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT volzkehenry corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT bulowrobin corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT balderstonnicholasl corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT ernstmonique corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT grillonchristian corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT mujicaparodililianner corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT vannieuwenhuizenhelena corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT critchleyhugod corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT makovacelena corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT mancinimatteo corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT meetenfrances corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT ottavianicristina corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT balltalim corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT fonzogregorya corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT paulusmartinp corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT steinmurrayb corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT gurraquele corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT gurrubenc corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT kaczkurkinantonian corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT larsenbart corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT satterthwaitetheodored corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT harperjennifer corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT myersmichael corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT perinomichaelt corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT sylvesterchadm corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT yuqiongru corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT luekenulrike corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT veltmandickj corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT thompsonpaulm corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT steindanj corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT vanderweenicja corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT winklerandersonm corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup AT pinedaniels corticalandsubcorticalbrainstructureingeneralizedanxietydisorderfindingsfrom28researchsitesintheenigmaanxietyworkinggroup |