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Circulating Inflammation Markers Partly Explain the Link Between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Depressive Symptoms

BACKGROUND: Depression is a mood disorder characterized by a high rate of resistance to pharmacological treatments, which has often been linked to chronic inflammation. This can be influenced by different environmental factors, in particular pro-inflammatory diets. However, a mediating role of circu...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gialluisi, Alessandro, Santonastaso, Federica, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bracone, Francesca, Shivappa, Nitin, Hebert, James R, Cerletti, Chiara, Donati, Maria Benedetta, de Gaetano, Giovanni, Iacoviello, Licia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8487281/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34611421
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S312925
Descripción
Sumario:BACKGROUND: Depression is a mood disorder characterized by a high rate of resistance to pharmacological treatments, which has often been linked to chronic inflammation. This can be influenced by different environmental factors, in particular pro-inflammatory diets. However, a mediating role of circulating inflammation has never been observed. AIM: To test the association between a dietary inflammatory index (DII(®)) and continuous depressive symptoms (adapted version of PHQ9) in an Italian population cohort (N=13,301), along with potential explanatory effect of a composite index (INFLA-score) based on four circulating inflammatory biomarkers: C-reactive protein, granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet and white blood cell counts. RESULTS: Significant positive associations were observed between DII and total depressive symptoms (standardized β (SE) = 0.038 (0.005), p < 0.001), and with two factors tagging somatic (0.012 (0.003), p < 0.001) and cognitive symptoms (0.012 (0.003), p < 0.001), after adjustment for different potential confounders (socioeconomic status, chronic health conditions and lifestyles). These associations were about twice as strong in women than in men. INFLA-score explained a small but significant proportion of the association with total depressive symptoms (0.90–2.30%, p < 0.05), which was mainly driven by granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (1.18–1.65%). This effect was even stronger for the somatic (2.66–4.66%) but not for the cognitive factor (0%). CONCLUSION: These findings support a strong link between inflammatory diet and depression, especially with somatic symptoms and within women. Moreover, they provide novel evidence for a potential explanatory role of circulating inflammation in this association, suggesting new paths for prevention and treatment of major and atypical depression.