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Spleen Contraction During Sudden Eupneic Hypoxia Elevates Hemoglobin Concentration
The spleen contracts progressively during moderate normobaric hypoxia exposure of 20 min, which elevates hemoglobin concentration (Hb). However, acute hypoxia exposure could be shorter and more severe when oxygen systems fail during, e.g., high-altitude sky diving, aircraft cabin pressure drop, ball...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8490696/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34621185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.729123 |
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author | Pernett, Frank Schagatay, Felix Vildevi, Caroline Schagatay, Erika |
author_facet | Pernett, Frank Schagatay, Felix Vildevi, Caroline Schagatay, Erika |
author_sort | Pernett, Frank |
collection | PubMed |
description | The spleen contracts progressively during moderate normobaric hypoxia exposure of 20 min, which elevates hemoglobin concentration (Hb). However, acute hypoxia exposure could be shorter and more severe when oxygen systems fail during, e.g., high-altitude sky diving, aircraft cabin pressure drop, balloon flights, extreme altitude climbing, and in some maladies. We aimed to evaluate the speed and magnitude of spleen contraction during short exposure to extreme eupneic hypoxia and its subsequent recovery on oxygen. Eight female and seven male volunteers were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (10% oxygen) for 10 min during sitting rest, followed by 10 min on 100% oxygen. Heart rate (HR), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured continuously. The spleen was measured via ultrasonic imaging every minute for volume calculations, and venous blood samples were drawn before and after exposure for hemoglobin concentration (Hb). Mean (SD) spleen volume was 279 (115) mL before exposure, 219 (75) mL (21% reduction; P = 0.005) at 3 min of exposure, and 201 (93) mL after 10 min exposure to hypoxia (28% reduction; P < 0.001). Hb was 138.8 (7.6) g·L(−1) before and 142.9 (8.1) g·L(−1) after 10 min of exposure (2.9% increase; P < 0.001). SpO(2) was 96.4 (1.7)% before exposure and 74.7 (8.4)% during the last minute of exposure (22.5% reduction; P < 0.001). HR increased from 80 (14) to 90 (17) bpm during exposure (12% increase, P < 0.05). MAP remained unchanged. After 10 min recovery on oxygen, values had been restored for spleen volume and Hb, while SpO(2) was higher and HR lower compared with before hypoxia exposure. We concluded that acute normobaric hypoxia of only 10 min caused significant spleen volume contraction with Hb increase. This rapid spleen response, evident already after 3 min of exposure, could have a protective effect during sudden exposure to severe hypoxia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8490696 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84906962021-10-06 Spleen Contraction During Sudden Eupneic Hypoxia Elevates Hemoglobin Concentration Pernett, Frank Schagatay, Felix Vildevi, Caroline Schagatay, Erika Front Physiol Physiology The spleen contracts progressively during moderate normobaric hypoxia exposure of 20 min, which elevates hemoglobin concentration (Hb). However, acute hypoxia exposure could be shorter and more severe when oxygen systems fail during, e.g., high-altitude sky diving, aircraft cabin pressure drop, balloon flights, extreme altitude climbing, and in some maladies. We aimed to evaluate the speed and magnitude of spleen contraction during short exposure to extreme eupneic hypoxia and its subsequent recovery on oxygen. Eight female and seven male volunteers were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (10% oxygen) for 10 min during sitting rest, followed by 10 min on 100% oxygen. Heart rate (HR), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured continuously. The spleen was measured via ultrasonic imaging every minute for volume calculations, and venous blood samples were drawn before and after exposure for hemoglobin concentration (Hb). Mean (SD) spleen volume was 279 (115) mL before exposure, 219 (75) mL (21% reduction; P = 0.005) at 3 min of exposure, and 201 (93) mL after 10 min exposure to hypoxia (28% reduction; P < 0.001). Hb was 138.8 (7.6) g·L(−1) before and 142.9 (8.1) g·L(−1) after 10 min of exposure (2.9% increase; P < 0.001). SpO(2) was 96.4 (1.7)% before exposure and 74.7 (8.4)% during the last minute of exposure (22.5% reduction; P < 0.001). HR increased from 80 (14) to 90 (17) bpm during exposure (12% increase, P < 0.05). MAP remained unchanged. After 10 min recovery on oxygen, values had been restored for spleen volume and Hb, while SpO(2) was higher and HR lower compared with before hypoxia exposure. We concluded that acute normobaric hypoxia of only 10 min caused significant spleen volume contraction with Hb increase. This rapid spleen response, evident already after 3 min of exposure, could have a protective effect during sudden exposure to severe hypoxia. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8490696/ /pubmed/34621185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.729123 Text en Copyright © 2021 Pernett, Schagatay, Vildevi and Schagatay. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Pernett, Frank Schagatay, Felix Vildevi, Caroline Schagatay, Erika Spleen Contraction During Sudden Eupneic Hypoxia Elevates Hemoglobin Concentration |
title | Spleen Contraction During Sudden Eupneic Hypoxia Elevates Hemoglobin Concentration |
title_full | Spleen Contraction During Sudden Eupneic Hypoxia Elevates Hemoglobin Concentration |
title_fullStr | Spleen Contraction During Sudden Eupneic Hypoxia Elevates Hemoglobin Concentration |
title_full_unstemmed | Spleen Contraction During Sudden Eupneic Hypoxia Elevates Hemoglobin Concentration |
title_short | Spleen Contraction During Sudden Eupneic Hypoxia Elevates Hemoglobin Concentration |
title_sort | spleen contraction during sudden eupneic hypoxia elevates hemoglobin concentration |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8490696/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34621185 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.729123 |
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