Preparation and Crystallization of Magnetic Glass‐Ceramics from the Residues after Sulfur Release and Iron Recovery from Copper Ore Tailings with Varied CaO Content

To comprehensively reuse copper ore tailings (COT), the fabrication of glass‐ceramics by the direct sintering method was investigated, where the residues after sulfur release and iron recovery from copper ore tailings were used as raw materials. The effect of the CaO added on the fabrication of glass‐ceramics was emphasized. After analysis of chemical composition and thermodynamics, crystallization kinetics were analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and fitted to the Kissinger equation. The crystal phase and microstructure of sintered glass‐ceramics heated between 1080 °C and 1100 °C were estimated by X‐Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the addition of CaO on the properties of the sintered glass‐ceramics have been discussed. The results showed that the magnetic glass‐ceramics were sintered by the residues successfully, the color of which was lighter than that of glass‐ceramics sintered by raw materials before iron recovery. According to the XRD analysis, hedenbergite, wollastonite and sekaninaite were formed with traces of maghemite and quartz. In terms of crystallization kinetics and sintering results, a decrease in the activation energies of crystallization and in sintering temperature were observed for an increase in the addition of CaO of up to 10 wt.%. Moreover, the properties of the sintered glass‐ceramics, including bulk density, linear shrinkage and flexural strength, were enhanced, while water absorption and true density were reduced with the increase of the amount of CaO added.