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Criteria ruling particle agglomeration

Most of the technically important properties of nanomaterials, such as superparamagnetism or luminescence, depend on the particle size. During synthesis and handling of nanoparticles, agglomeration may occur. Agglomeration of nanoparticles may be controlled by different mechanisms. During synthesis...

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Autor principal: Vollath, Dieter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Beilstein-Institut 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8491710/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34650901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.81
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author Vollath, Dieter
author_facet Vollath, Dieter
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description Most of the technically important properties of nanomaterials, such as superparamagnetism or luminescence, depend on the particle size. During synthesis and handling of nanoparticles, agglomeration may occur. Agglomeration of nanoparticles may be controlled by different mechanisms. During synthesis one observes agglomeration controlled by the geometry and electrical charges of the particles. Additionally, one may find agglomeration controlled by thermodynamic interaction of the particles in the direction of a minimum of the free enthalpy. In this context, one may observe mechanisms leading to a reduction of the surface energy or controlled by the van der Waals interaction. Additionally, the ensemble may arrange in the direction of a maximum of the entropy. Simulations based on Monte Carlo methods teach that, in case of any energetic interaction of the particles, the influence of the entropy is minor or even negligible. Complementary to the simulations, the extremum of the entropy was determined using the Lagrange method. Both approaches yielded identical result for the particle size distribution of an agglomerated ensemble, that is, an exponential function characterized by two parameters. In this context, it is important to realize that one has to take care of fluctuations of the entropy.
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spelling pubmed-84917102021-10-13 Criteria ruling particle agglomeration Vollath, Dieter Beilstein J Nanotechnol Full Research Paper Most of the technically important properties of nanomaterials, such as superparamagnetism or luminescence, depend on the particle size. During synthesis and handling of nanoparticles, agglomeration may occur. Agglomeration of nanoparticles may be controlled by different mechanisms. During synthesis one observes agglomeration controlled by the geometry and electrical charges of the particles. Additionally, one may find agglomeration controlled by thermodynamic interaction of the particles in the direction of a minimum of the free enthalpy. In this context, one may observe mechanisms leading to a reduction of the surface energy or controlled by the van der Waals interaction. Additionally, the ensemble may arrange in the direction of a maximum of the entropy. Simulations based on Monte Carlo methods teach that, in case of any energetic interaction of the particles, the influence of the entropy is minor or even negligible. Complementary to the simulations, the extremum of the entropy was determined using the Lagrange method. Both approaches yielded identical result for the particle size distribution of an agglomerated ensemble, that is, an exponential function characterized by two parameters. In this context, it is important to realize that one has to take care of fluctuations of the entropy. Beilstein-Institut 2021-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8491710/ /pubmed/34650901 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.81 Text en Copyright © 2021, Vollath https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/terms/termsThis is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). Please note that the reuse, redistribution and reproduction in particular requires that the author(s) and source are credited and that individual graphics may be subject to special legal provisions. The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: (https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/terms/terms)
spellingShingle Full Research Paper
Vollath, Dieter
Criteria ruling particle agglomeration
title Criteria ruling particle agglomeration
title_full Criteria ruling particle agglomeration
title_fullStr Criteria ruling particle agglomeration
title_full_unstemmed Criteria ruling particle agglomeration
title_short Criteria ruling particle agglomeration
title_sort criteria ruling particle agglomeration
topic Full Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8491710/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34650901
http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.81
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