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Reassessing the role of climate change in the Tupi expansion (South America, 5000–500 BP)

The expansion of forest farmers across tropical lowland South America during the Late Holocene has long been connected to climate change. The more humid conditions established during the Late Holocene are assumed to have driven the expansion of forests, which would have facilitated the dispersal of...

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Autores principales: Gregorio de Souza, Jonas, Noelli, Francisco Silva, Madella, Marco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8492182/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34610263
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0499
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author Gregorio de Souza, Jonas
Noelli, Francisco Silva
Madella, Marco
author_facet Gregorio de Souza, Jonas
Noelli, Francisco Silva
Madella, Marco
author_sort Gregorio de Souza, Jonas
collection PubMed
description The expansion of forest farmers across tropical lowland South America during the Late Holocene has long been connected to climate change. The more humid conditions established during the Late Holocene are assumed to have driven the expansion of forests, which would have facilitated the dispersal of cultures that practised agroforestry. The Tupi, a language family of widespread distribution in South America, occupies a central place in the debate. Not only are they one of the largest families in the continent, but their expansion from an Amazonian homeland has long been hypothesized to have followed forested environments wherever they settled. Here, we assess that hypothesis using a simulation approach. We employ equation-based and cellular automaton models, simulating demic-diffusion processes under two different scenarios: a null model in which all land cells can be equally settled, and an alternative model in which non-forested cells cannot be settled or delay the expansion. We show that including land cover as a constraint to movement results in a better approximation of the Tupi expansion as reconstructed by archaeology and linguistics.
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spelling pubmed-84921822021-11-03 Reassessing the role of climate change in the Tupi expansion (South America, 5000–500 BP) Gregorio de Souza, Jonas Noelli, Francisco Silva Madella, Marco J R Soc Interface Life Sciences–Earth Science interface The expansion of forest farmers across tropical lowland South America during the Late Holocene has long been connected to climate change. The more humid conditions established during the Late Holocene are assumed to have driven the expansion of forests, which would have facilitated the dispersal of cultures that practised agroforestry. The Tupi, a language family of widespread distribution in South America, occupies a central place in the debate. Not only are they one of the largest families in the continent, but their expansion from an Amazonian homeland has long been hypothesized to have followed forested environments wherever they settled. Here, we assess that hypothesis using a simulation approach. We employ equation-based and cellular automaton models, simulating demic-diffusion processes under two different scenarios: a null model in which all land cells can be equally settled, and an alternative model in which non-forested cells cannot be settled or delay the expansion. We show that including land cover as a constraint to movement results in a better approximation of the Tupi expansion as reconstructed by archaeology and linguistics. The Royal Society 2021-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8492182/ /pubmed/34610263 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0499 Text en © 2021 The Authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Life Sciences–Earth Science interface
Gregorio de Souza, Jonas
Noelli, Francisco Silva
Madella, Marco
Reassessing the role of climate change in the Tupi expansion (South America, 5000–500 BP)
title Reassessing the role of climate change in the Tupi expansion (South America, 5000–500 BP)
title_full Reassessing the role of climate change in the Tupi expansion (South America, 5000–500 BP)
title_fullStr Reassessing the role of climate change in the Tupi expansion (South America, 5000–500 BP)
title_full_unstemmed Reassessing the role of climate change in the Tupi expansion (South America, 5000–500 BP)
title_short Reassessing the role of climate change in the Tupi expansion (South America, 5000–500 BP)
title_sort reassessing the role of climate change in the tupi expansion (south america, 5000–500 bp)
topic Life Sciences–Earth Science interface
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8492182/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34610263
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2021.0499
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