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Reliability of Online Surveys in Investigating Perceptions and Impressions of Faces

Online experimental methods are used in psychological studies investigating the perceptions and impressions of facial photographs, even without substantial evidence supporting their reliability and validity. Although, the quality of visual stimuli is more difficult to control remotely, the methods m...

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Autores principales: Hirao, Naoyasu, Koizumi, Koyo, Ikeda, Hanako, Ohira, Hideki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8492930/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34630246
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.733405
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author Hirao, Naoyasu
Koizumi, Koyo
Ikeda, Hanako
Ohira, Hideki
author_facet Hirao, Naoyasu
Koizumi, Koyo
Ikeda, Hanako
Ohira, Hideki
author_sort Hirao, Naoyasu
collection PubMed
description Online experimental methods are used in psychological studies investigating the perceptions and impressions of facial photographs, even without substantial evidence supporting their reliability and validity. Although, the quality of visual stimuli is more difficult to control remotely, the methods might allow us to obtain a large amount of data. Then the statistical analysis of a larger volume of data may reduce errors and suggest significant difference in the stimuli. Therefore, we analyzed the reliability and validity of online surveys in investigating the perceptions (shine, red, and dark) and impressions (attractiveness, trustworthy, and so on) of facial photographs created from averaged faces with skin tones modified using computer graphics (CG). In this study, we conducted online (Online1) and laboratory experiments with well-controlled conditions (Control). For each experiment, 50 participants (men and women in Japan, age: 20–59years) completed the same questionnaire regarding their impressions of the same 28 CG facial photographs. The results showed significant correlations between the two experiments for all 19 items in the questionnaire. SD in the Online1 compared to the Control from the stimuli and individual differences were 56–84 and 88–104% in each questionnaire items, respectively. Moreover, the rates of mismatching perceptual evaluations to the corresponding physical features demonstrated in the photographs were 4.9–9.7% on average in an additional online survey of another 2,000 participants (Online2). These results suggest that online surveys can be applied to experiments to investigate impressions from CG facial photographs instead of general laboratory experiment by obtaining an appropriate number of participants to offset larger statistical errors that may result from the increased noise in the data from conducting the experiment online.
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spelling pubmed-84929302021-10-07 Reliability of Online Surveys in Investigating Perceptions and Impressions of Faces Hirao, Naoyasu Koizumi, Koyo Ikeda, Hanako Ohira, Hideki Front Psychol Psychology Online experimental methods are used in psychological studies investigating the perceptions and impressions of facial photographs, even without substantial evidence supporting their reliability and validity. Although, the quality of visual stimuli is more difficult to control remotely, the methods might allow us to obtain a large amount of data. Then the statistical analysis of a larger volume of data may reduce errors and suggest significant difference in the stimuli. Therefore, we analyzed the reliability and validity of online surveys in investigating the perceptions (shine, red, and dark) and impressions (attractiveness, trustworthy, and so on) of facial photographs created from averaged faces with skin tones modified using computer graphics (CG). In this study, we conducted online (Online1) and laboratory experiments with well-controlled conditions (Control). For each experiment, 50 participants (men and women in Japan, age: 20–59years) completed the same questionnaire regarding their impressions of the same 28 CG facial photographs. The results showed significant correlations between the two experiments for all 19 items in the questionnaire. SD in the Online1 compared to the Control from the stimuli and individual differences were 56–84 and 88–104% in each questionnaire items, respectively. Moreover, the rates of mismatching perceptual evaluations to the corresponding physical features demonstrated in the photographs were 4.9–9.7% on average in an additional online survey of another 2,000 participants (Online2). These results suggest that online surveys can be applied to experiments to investigate impressions from CG facial photographs instead of general laboratory experiment by obtaining an appropriate number of participants to offset larger statistical errors that may result from the increased noise in the data from conducting the experiment online. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8492930/ /pubmed/34630246 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.733405 Text en Copyright © 2021 Hirao, Koizumi, Ikeda and Ohira. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Hirao, Naoyasu
Koizumi, Koyo
Ikeda, Hanako
Ohira, Hideki
Reliability of Online Surveys in Investigating Perceptions and Impressions of Faces
title Reliability of Online Surveys in Investigating Perceptions and Impressions of Faces
title_full Reliability of Online Surveys in Investigating Perceptions and Impressions of Faces
title_fullStr Reliability of Online Surveys in Investigating Perceptions and Impressions of Faces
title_full_unstemmed Reliability of Online Surveys in Investigating Perceptions and Impressions of Faces
title_short Reliability of Online Surveys in Investigating Perceptions and Impressions of Faces
title_sort reliability of online surveys in investigating perceptions and impressions of faces
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8492930/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34630246
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.733405
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