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Correlation: Between Autochthonous Microbial Diversity and Volatile Metabolites During the Fermentation of Nongxiang Daqu
Daqu is an important saccharifying and fermenting agent. It provides various microorganisms and enzymes for the fermentation of Baijiu and plays a vital role in the formation of Baijiu flavor. However, it is difficult to obtain information on microbial growth and metabolism in time for Daqu producti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8494108/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34630343 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.688981 |
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author | Deng, Yuke Huang, Dan Han, Baolin Ning, Xinqian Yu, Dong Guo, Huixiang Zou, Yufang Jing, Wen Luo, Huibo |
author_facet | Deng, Yuke Huang, Dan Han, Baolin Ning, Xinqian Yu, Dong Guo, Huixiang Zou, Yufang Jing, Wen Luo, Huibo |
author_sort | Deng, Yuke |
collection | PubMed |
description | Daqu is an important saccharifying and fermenting agent. It provides various microorganisms and enzymes for the fermentation of Baijiu and plays a vital role in the formation of Baijiu flavor. However, it is difficult to obtain information on microbial growth and metabolism in time for Daqu production. Therefore, the “Qu Xiang” obtained by smelling is an important index in the traditional production process to evaluate the microbial fermentation in the process of Daqu-making, “Qu Xiang” mainly represents the volatile flavor compounds in Daqu. The microbial diversity and volatile metabolites on 0, 6, 16, and 29 days of the fermentation process were measured using high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Significant differences were found in the composition of the microbial community. Pseudomonas, Weissella, Bacillus, and Pelomonas were the main bacterial genera. Alternaria, Rhizopus, and Pichia are the main fungal genera. A total of 32 differential volatile metabolites were detected in samples at four time points using differential metabolic analysis. The correspondence of prevailing microorganisms with differential metabolites distinguished by Spearman correlation and two-way orthogonal partial least square analysis show that Saccharopolyspora exhibited a significant connection for the 12 differential metabolites. A significant positive correlation was observed between Rhizomucor and 13 different metabolites. These findings further understanding of the metabolism of microorganisms in Daqu fermentation and also help to control the microorganisms in the Daqu-making process, to obtain more stable Baijiu products. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8494108 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84941082021-10-07 Correlation: Between Autochthonous Microbial Diversity and Volatile Metabolites During the Fermentation of Nongxiang Daqu Deng, Yuke Huang, Dan Han, Baolin Ning, Xinqian Yu, Dong Guo, Huixiang Zou, Yufang Jing, Wen Luo, Huibo Front Microbiol Microbiology Daqu is an important saccharifying and fermenting agent. It provides various microorganisms and enzymes for the fermentation of Baijiu and plays a vital role in the formation of Baijiu flavor. However, it is difficult to obtain information on microbial growth and metabolism in time for Daqu production. Therefore, the “Qu Xiang” obtained by smelling is an important index in the traditional production process to evaluate the microbial fermentation in the process of Daqu-making, “Qu Xiang” mainly represents the volatile flavor compounds in Daqu. The microbial diversity and volatile metabolites on 0, 6, 16, and 29 days of the fermentation process were measured using high-throughput sequencing and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Significant differences were found in the composition of the microbial community. Pseudomonas, Weissella, Bacillus, and Pelomonas were the main bacterial genera. Alternaria, Rhizopus, and Pichia are the main fungal genera. A total of 32 differential volatile metabolites were detected in samples at four time points using differential metabolic analysis. The correspondence of prevailing microorganisms with differential metabolites distinguished by Spearman correlation and two-way orthogonal partial least square analysis show that Saccharopolyspora exhibited a significant connection for the 12 differential metabolites. A significant positive correlation was observed between Rhizomucor and 13 different metabolites. These findings further understanding of the metabolism of microorganisms in Daqu fermentation and also help to control the microorganisms in the Daqu-making process, to obtain more stable Baijiu products. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8494108/ /pubmed/34630343 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.688981 Text en Copyright © 2021 Deng, Huang, Han, Ning, Yu, Guo, Zou, Jing and Luo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Deng, Yuke Huang, Dan Han, Baolin Ning, Xinqian Yu, Dong Guo, Huixiang Zou, Yufang Jing, Wen Luo, Huibo Correlation: Between Autochthonous Microbial Diversity and Volatile Metabolites During the Fermentation of Nongxiang Daqu |
title | Correlation: Between Autochthonous Microbial Diversity and Volatile Metabolites During the Fermentation of Nongxiang Daqu |
title_full | Correlation: Between Autochthonous Microbial Diversity and Volatile Metabolites During the Fermentation of Nongxiang Daqu |
title_fullStr | Correlation: Between Autochthonous Microbial Diversity and Volatile Metabolites During the Fermentation of Nongxiang Daqu |
title_full_unstemmed | Correlation: Between Autochthonous Microbial Diversity and Volatile Metabolites During the Fermentation of Nongxiang Daqu |
title_short | Correlation: Between Autochthonous Microbial Diversity and Volatile Metabolites During the Fermentation of Nongxiang Daqu |
title_sort | correlation: between autochthonous microbial diversity and volatile metabolites during the fermentation of nongxiang daqu |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8494108/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34630343 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.688981 |
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