Zusammenarbeit von Intensivmedizin und Palliativmedizin: Eine Bestandsaufnahme an den deutschen onkologischen Spitzenzentren

BACKGROUND: For intensive care patients with limited life expectancy the integration of palliative care in intensive care may be beneficial. However, little is known about the extent of this interdisciplinary collaboration. OBJECTIVES: The support given by palliative medicine in German oncological centers and used by the intensive care units should be recorded. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive survey was conducted in all of the 16 Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC) funded by German Cancer Aid. The questionnaires were sent to the head of department of the CCCsʼ specialized palliative care teams. Data were collected for the year 2016. Quantitative data were analysed to establish frequencies, given as mean and median. A qualitative section asked for trigger factors, i.e., patient characteristics triggering a palliative care consultation. Evaluation was inductively carried out by content analysis according to Mayring. RESULTS: Data from 15 of the 16 CCCs (94%) were obtained between July and August 2017. In 2016, the median of intensive care patients with palliative care consultations was 33 (minimum 0, maximum 100). The median of nine patients were transferred from an intensive care unit to a palliative care unit (minimum 1, maximum 30). Multidisciplinary ward rounds by both intensive and palliative care staff were available in two CCCs on a regular basis. Two CCCs implemented screening tools to integrate specialized palliative care into intensive care. From 23 responses concerning triggers, three categories were established, i.e., “team’s decision and attitude”, “patient’s condition” and “desires of patients and relatives”. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative care is available in German CCCs. However, the degree of integration of specialized palliative care into intensive care units is low. Screening tools are available to identify patients with complex needs and to trigger a palliative care consultation. These tools, as well as joint ward rounds of intensive and palliative care staff, can improve the quality of patient centred care.