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‘Resistance Mixtures’ Reduce Insect Herbivory in Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Plantations

The transition toward more sustainable plant protection with reduced pesticide use is difficult, because there is no “silver bullet” available among nonchemical tools. Integrating several plant protection approaches may thus be needed for efficient pest management. Recently, increasing the genetic d...

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Autores principales: Koski, Tuuli-Marjaana, de Jong, Sanne, Muola, Anne, Amby, Daniel B., Andreasson, Erik, Stenberg, Johan A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8494967/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34630469
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.722795
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author Koski, Tuuli-Marjaana
de Jong, Sanne
Muola, Anne
Amby, Daniel B.
Andreasson, Erik
Stenberg, Johan A.
author_facet Koski, Tuuli-Marjaana
de Jong, Sanne
Muola, Anne
Amby, Daniel B.
Andreasson, Erik
Stenberg, Johan A.
author_sort Koski, Tuuli-Marjaana
collection PubMed
description The transition toward more sustainable plant protection with reduced pesticide use is difficult, because there is no “silver bullet” available among nonchemical tools. Integrating several plant protection approaches may thus be needed for efficient pest management. Recently, increasing the genetic diversity of plantations via cultivar mixing has been proposed as a possible method to reduce pest damage. However, previous studies have not addressed either the relative efficiency of exploiting cultivar mixing and intrinsic plant herbivore resistance or the potential utility of combining these approaches to increase cropping security. Here, using a full factorial experiment with 60 woodland strawberry plots, we tested for the relative and combined effect of cultivar mixing and intrinsic plant resistance on herbivore damage and yield. The experiment comprised two levels of diversity (“high” with 10 varieties and “low” with two varieties) and three levels of resistance (“resistant” comprising only varieties intrinsically resistant against strawberry leaf beetle Galerucella tenella; “susceptible” with susceptible varieties only; and “resistance mixtures” with 50:50 mixtures of resistant and susceptible varieties). The experiment was carried out over two growing seasons. Use of resistant varieties either alone or intermixed with susceptible varieties in “resistance mixtures” reduced insect herbivory. Interestingly, resistant varieties not only reduced the mean damage in “resistance mixtures” by themselves being less damaged, but also protected intermixed susceptible varieties via associational resistance. The effect of higher genetic diversity was less evident, reducing herbivory only at the highest level of herbivore damage. In general, herbivory was lowest in plots with high diversity that included at least some resistant varieties and highest in low diversity plots consisting only of susceptible varieties. Despite this, no significant difference in yield (fruit biomass) was found, indicating that strawberry may be relatively tolerant. Our results demonstrate that combined use of high genetic diversity and resistant varieties can help reduce pest damage and provide a useful tool for sustainable food production. “Resistance mixtures” may be particularly useful for sensitive food crops where susceptible varieties are high yielding that could not be completely replaced by resistant ones.
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spelling pubmed-84949672021-10-08 ‘Resistance Mixtures’ Reduce Insect Herbivory in Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Plantations Koski, Tuuli-Marjaana de Jong, Sanne Muola, Anne Amby, Daniel B. Andreasson, Erik Stenberg, Johan A. Front Plant Sci Plant Science The transition toward more sustainable plant protection with reduced pesticide use is difficult, because there is no “silver bullet” available among nonchemical tools. Integrating several plant protection approaches may thus be needed for efficient pest management. Recently, increasing the genetic diversity of plantations via cultivar mixing has been proposed as a possible method to reduce pest damage. However, previous studies have not addressed either the relative efficiency of exploiting cultivar mixing and intrinsic plant herbivore resistance or the potential utility of combining these approaches to increase cropping security. Here, using a full factorial experiment with 60 woodland strawberry plots, we tested for the relative and combined effect of cultivar mixing and intrinsic plant resistance on herbivore damage and yield. The experiment comprised two levels of diversity (“high” with 10 varieties and “low” with two varieties) and three levels of resistance (“resistant” comprising only varieties intrinsically resistant against strawberry leaf beetle Galerucella tenella; “susceptible” with susceptible varieties only; and “resistance mixtures” with 50:50 mixtures of resistant and susceptible varieties). The experiment was carried out over two growing seasons. Use of resistant varieties either alone or intermixed with susceptible varieties in “resistance mixtures” reduced insect herbivory. Interestingly, resistant varieties not only reduced the mean damage in “resistance mixtures” by themselves being less damaged, but also protected intermixed susceptible varieties via associational resistance. The effect of higher genetic diversity was less evident, reducing herbivory only at the highest level of herbivore damage. In general, herbivory was lowest in plots with high diversity that included at least some resistant varieties and highest in low diversity plots consisting only of susceptible varieties. Despite this, no significant difference in yield (fruit biomass) was found, indicating that strawberry may be relatively tolerant. Our results demonstrate that combined use of high genetic diversity and resistant varieties can help reduce pest damage and provide a useful tool for sustainable food production. “Resistance mixtures” may be particularly useful for sensitive food crops where susceptible varieties are high yielding that could not be completely replaced by resistant ones. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8494967/ /pubmed/34630469 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.722795 Text en Copyright © 2021 Koski, de Jong, Muola, Amby, Andreasson and Stenberg. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Koski, Tuuli-Marjaana
de Jong, Sanne
Muola, Anne
Amby, Daniel B.
Andreasson, Erik
Stenberg, Johan A.
‘Resistance Mixtures’ Reduce Insect Herbivory in Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Plantations
title ‘Resistance Mixtures’ Reduce Insect Herbivory in Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Plantations
title_full ‘Resistance Mixtures’ Reduce Insect Herbivory in Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Plantations
title_fullStr ‘Resistance Mixtures’ Reduce Insect Herbivory in Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Plantations
title_full_unstemmed ‘Resistance Mixtures’ Reduce Insect Herbivory in Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Plantations
title_short ‘Resistance Mixtures’ Reduce Insect Herbivory in Strawberry (Fragaria vesca) Plantations
title_sort ‘resistance mixtures’ reduce insect herbivory in strawberry (fragaria vesca) plantations
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8494967/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34630469
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.722795
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