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Phenotypic and Functional Diversity in Regulatory T Cells

The concept that a subset of T cells exists that specifically suppresses immune responses was originally proposed over 50 years ago. It then took the next 30 years to solidify the concept of regulatory T cells (Tregs) into the paradigm we understand today – namely a subset of CD4+ FOXP3+ T-cells tha...

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Autores principales: Sjaastad, Louisa E., Owen, David L., Tracy, Sean I., Farrar, Michael A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8495164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34631704
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.715901
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author Sjaastad, Louisa E.
Owen, David L.
Tracy, Sean I.
Farrar, Michael A.
author_facet Sjaastad, Louisa E.
Owen, David L.
Tracy, Sean I.
Farrar, Michael A.
author_sort Sjaastad, Louisa E.
collection PubMed
description The concept that a subset of T cells exists that specifically suppresses immune responses was originally proposed over 50 years ago. It then took the next 30 years to solidify the concept of regulatory T cells (Tregs) into the paradigm we understand today – namely a subset of CD4+ FOXP3+ T-cells that are critical for controlling immune responses to self and commensal or environmental antigens that also play key roles in promoting tissue homeostasis and repair. Expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 is a defining feature of Tregs, while the cytokine IL2 is necessary for robust Treg development and function. While our initial conception of Tregs was as a monomorphic lineage required to suppress all types of immune responses, recent work has demonstrated extensive phenotypic and functional diversity within the Treg population. In this review we address the ontogeny, phenotype, and function of the large number of distinct effector Treg subsets that have been defined over the last 15 years.
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spelling pubmed-84951642021-10-08 Phenotypic and Functional Diversity in Regulatory T Cells Sjaastad, Louisa E. Owen, David L. Tracy, Sean I. Farrar, Michael A. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology The concept that a subset of T cells exists that specifically suppresses immune responses was originally proposed over 50 years ago. It then took the next 30 years to solidify the concept of regulatory T cells (Tregs) into the paradigm we understand today – namely a subset of CD4+ FOXP3+ T-cells that are critical for controlling immune responses to self and commensal or environmental antigens that also play key roles in promoting tissue homeostasis and repair. Expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 is a defining feature of Tregs, while the cytokine IL2 is necessary for robust Treg development and function. While our initial conception of Tregs was as a monomorphic lineage required to suppress all types of immune responses, recent work has demonstrated extensive phenotypic and functional diversity within the Treg population. In this review we address the ontogeny, phenotype, and function of the large number of distinct effector Treg subsets that have been defined over the last 15 years. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8495164/ /pubmed/34631704 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.715901 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sjaastad, Owen, Tracy and Farrar. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Sjaastad, Louisa E.
Owen, David L.
Tracy, Sean I.
Farrar, Michael A.
Phenotypic and Functional Diversity in Regulatory T Cells
title Phenotypic and Functional Diversity in Regulatory T Cells
title_full Phenotypic and Functional Diversity in Regulatory T Cells
title_fullStr Phenotypic and Functional Diversity in Regulatory T Cells
title_full_unstemmed Phenotypic and Functional Diversity in Regulatory T Cells
title_short Phenotypic and Functional Diversity in Regulatory T Cells
title_sort phenotypic and functional diversity in regulatory t cells
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8495164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34631704
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.715901
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