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Genome‐wide analysis reveals demographic and life‐history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep‐spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Human‐mediated habitat fragmentation in freshwater ecosystems can negatively impact genetic diversity, demography, and life history of native biota, while disrupting the behavior of species that are dependent on spatial connectivity to complete their life cycles. In the Alouette River system (Britis...

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Autores principales: Samad‐zada, Farida, van Poorten, Brett T., Harris, Shannon, Godbout, Lyse, Russello, Michael A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8495803/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34646462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8040
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author Samad‐zada, Farida
van Poorten, Brett T.
Harris, Shannon
Godbout, Lyse
Russello, Michael A.
author_facet Samad‐zada, Farida
van Poorten, Brett T.
Harris, Shannon
Godbout, Lyse
Russello, Michael A.
author_sort Samad‐zada, Farida
collection PubMed
description Human‐mediated habitat fragmentation in freshwater ecosystems can negatively impact genetic diversity, demography, and life history of native biota, while disrupting the behavior of species that are dependent on spatial connectivity to complete their life cycles. In the Alouette River system (British Columbia, Canada), dam construction in 1928 impacted passage of anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), with the last records of migrants occurring in the 1930s. Since that time, O. nerka persisted as a resident population in Alouette Reservoir until experimental water releases beginning in 2005 created conditions for migration; two years later, returning migrants were observed for the first time in ~70 years, raising important basic and applied questions regarding life‐history variation and population structure in this system. Here, we investigated the genetic distinctiveness and population history of Alouette Reservoir O. nerka using genome‐wide SNP data (n = 7,709 loci) collected for resident and migrant individuals, as well as for neighboring anadromous sockeye salmon and resident kokanee populations within the Fraser River drainage (n = 312 individuals). Bayesian clustering and principal components analyses based on neutral loci revealed five distinct clusters, largely associated with geography, and clearly demonstrated that Alouette Reservoir resident and migrant individuals are genetically distinct from other O. nerka populations in the Fraser River drainage. At a finer level, there was no clear evidence for differentiation between Alouette Reservoir residents and migrants; although we detected eight high‐confidence outlier loci, they all mapped to sex chromosomes suggesting that differences were likely due to uneven sex ratios rather than life history. Taken together, these data suggest that contemporary Alouette Reservoir O. nerka represents a landlocked sockeye salmon population, constituting the first reported instance of deep‐water spawning behavior associated with this life‐history form. This finding punctuates the need for reassessment of conservation status and supports ongoing fisheries management activities in Alouette Reservoir.
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spelling pubmed-84958032021-10-12 Genome‐wide analysis reveals demographic and life‐history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep‐spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Samad‐zada, Farida van Poorten, Brett T. Harris, Shannon Godbout, Lyse Russello, Michael A. Ecol Evol Original Research Human‐mediated habitat fragmentation in freshwater ecosystems can negatively impact genetic diversity, demography, and life history of native biota, while disrupting the behavior of species that are dependent on spatial connectivity to complete their life cycles. In the Alouette River system (British Columbia, Canada), dam construction in 1928 impacted passage of anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), with the last records of migrants occurring in the 1930s. Since that time, O. nerka persisted as a resident population in Alouette Reservoir until experimental water releases beginning in 2005 created conditions for migration; two years later, returning migrants were observed for the first time in ~70 years, raising important basic and applied questions regarding life‐history variation and population structure in this system. Here, we investigated the genetic distinctiveness and population history of Alouette Reservoir O. nerka using genome‐wide SNP data (n = 7,709 loci) collected for resident and migrant individuals, as well as for neighboring anadromous sockeye salmon and resident kokanee populations within the Fraser River drainage (n = 312 individuals). Bayesian clustering and principal components analyses based on neutral loci revealed five distinct clusters, largely associated with geography, and clearly demonstrated that Alouette Reservoir resident and migrant individuals are genetically distinct from other O. nerka populations in the Fraser River drainage. At a finer level, there was no clear evidence for differentiation between Alouette Reservoir residents and migrants; although we detected eight high‐confidence outlier loci, they all mapped to sex chromosomes suggesting that differences were likely due to uneven sex ratios rather than life history. Taken together, these data suggest that contemporary Alouette Reservoir O. nerka represents a landlocked sockeye salmon population, constituting the first reported instance of deep‐water spawning behavior associated with this life‐history form. This finding punctuates the need for reassessment of conservation status and supports ongoing fisheries management activities in Alouette Reservoir. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8495803/ /pubmed/34646462 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8040 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Samad‐zada, Farida
van Poorten, Brett T.
Harris, Shannon
Godbout, Lyse
Russello, Michael A.
Genome‐wide analysis reveals demographic and life‐history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep‐spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
title Genome‐wide analysis reveals demographic and life‐history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep‐spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
title_full Genome‐wide analysis reveals demographic and life‐history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep‐spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
title_fullStr Genome‐wide analysis reveals demographic and life‐history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep‐spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
title_full_unstemmed Genome‐wide analysis reveals demographic and life‐history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep‐spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
title_short Genome‐wide analysis reveals demographic and life‐history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep‐spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
title_sort genome‐wide analysis reveals demographic and life‐history patterns associated with habitat modification in landlocked, deep‐spawning sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka)
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8495803/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34646462
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8040
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