Assessment of Color Stainability of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) Ceramic Materials After Hot and Cold Coffee Immersion at Different Time Intervals

BACKGROUND: This spectrophotometric study assessed the color stability of CAD/CAM restorative materials with different exposed surfaces following staining by hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee. MATERIAL/METHODS: Ninety-six specimens were fabricated from 3 different CAD/CAM ceramic materials: Vita Suprinity (Vita-S), Vita Enamic (Vita-E), and Vitablocs Mark II (Vitablocs-MII). We divided 32 specimens for each group into glazed or polished surfaces, with 16 specimens in each group, then subdivided them according to staining materials: Arabic Qahwa and Frappuccino Cold Coffee. Color of specimens was measured during immersion in staining materials (BEFORE) as baseline with (Vita classic) and (L, a, b), for average color changes (ΔE(00)), then remeasured after 2, 4, and 12 weeks, and described as 1(st), 2(nd), and 3(rd) measurements for VITAPAN Classic shade and T1, T2, and T3 for ΔE(00) values using the CIE L*a*b* equation. We performed ANOVA and then post hoc testing. RESULTS: We found significant differences in ΔE(00) values during immersing in hot Arabic Qahwa and cold coffee for tested materials in glazed or polished specimens. Polished specimens of Vita-S and Vita-E had the highest color changing and staining compared to glazed surfaces. Vitablocs-MII had the best color stability through immersion periods. Moreover, there were changes in relation to VITAPAN Classic shade guide for both Vita-S and Vita-E specimens during different immersion periods. CONCLUSIONS: Coffee caused staining and contamination of ceramic material. Values of ΔE(00) for tested ceramic materials were significantly different but were within the clinically acceptable range. Polished specimens showed higher staining; therefore, we highly recommend re-glazing of ceramic restorations to maintain color stability.