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Effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are responsible for food- and water-borne infections in humans worldwide. They are resistant to common chemical disinfectants, including chlorinated products, presumably due to the structure and molecular nature of the oocyst wall but also the sporocyst wall. In this study,...

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Autores principales: Dumètre, Aurélien, Dubey, Jitender P., Ferguson, David J.P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: EDP Sciences 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8496345/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34617883
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021066
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author Dumètre, Aurélien
Dubey, Jitender P.
Ferguson, David J.P.
author_facet Dumètre, Aurélien
Dubey, Jitender P.
Ferguson, David J.P.
author_sort Dumètre, Aurélien
collection PubMed
description Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are responsible for food- and water-borne infections in humans worldwide. They are resistant to common chemical disinfectants, including chlorinated products, presumably due to the structure and molecular nature of the oocyst wall but also the sporocyst wall. In this study, we used fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to characterise the structure of both the oocyst and sporocyst walls, exposed to household bleach. Bleach removed the outer layer of the oocyst wall and the outer layer of the wall of sporocysts exposed due to rupture of the oocyst wall. The loss of the outer sporocyst wall layer was associated with a decrease in its autofluorescence, which can be linked to the degradation of dityrosine cross-link proteins, and loss of Maclura pomifera lectin-reactive glycoproteins. This study suggests that the inner layers of the oocyst and sporocyst walls are the main structures responsible for the resistance of the parasite to household bleach.
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spelling pubmed-84963452021-10-25 Effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of Toxoplasma gondii Dumètre, Aurélien Dubey, Jitender P. Ferguson, David J.P. Parasite Research Article Toxoplasma gondii oocysts are responsible for food- and water-borne infections in humans worldwide. They are resistant to common chemical disinfectants, including chlorinated products, presumably due to the structure and molecular nature of the oocyst wall but also the sporocyst wall. In this study, we used fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to characterise the structure of both the oocyst and sporocyst walls, exposed to household bleach. Bleach removed the outer layer of the oocyst wall and the outer layer of the wall of sporocysts exposed due to rupture of the oocyst wall. The loss of the outer sporocyst wall layer was associated with a decrease in its autofluorescence, which can be linked to the degradation of dityrosine cross-link proteins, and loss of Maclura pomifera lectin-reactive glycoproteins. This study suggests that the inner layers of the oocyst and sporocyst walls are the main structures responsible for the resistance of the parasite to household bleach. EDP Sciences 2021-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8496345/ /pubmed/34617883 http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021066 Text en © A. Dumètre et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Dumètre, Aurélien
Dubey, Jitender P.
Ferguson, David J.P.
Effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of Toxoplasma gondii
title Effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of Toxoplasma gondii
title_full Effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of Toxoplasma gondii
title_fullStr Effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of Toxoplasma gondii
title_full_unstemmed Effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of Toxoplasma gondii
title_short Effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of Toxoplasma gondii
title_sort effect of household bleach on the structure of the sporocyst wall of toxoplasma gondii
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8496345/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34617883
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2021066
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