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Face mask—A potential source of phthalate exposure for human
Face masks are necessary for fighting against the coronavirus disease 2019 around the world. As the face mask is usually made from polymers and phthalates are widely-used additives into the polymers, the face mask could be a potential source of phthalate exposure to humans. However, limited knowledg...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier B.V.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8496910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34403943 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126848 |
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author | Xie, Huaijun Han, Wenjing Xie, Qing Xu, Tong Zhu, Minghua Chen, Jingwen |
author_facet | Xie, Huaijun Han, Wenjing Xie, Qing Xu, Tong Zhu, Minghua Chen, Jingwen |
author_sort | Xie, Huaijun |
collection | PubMed |
description | Face masks are necessary for fighting against the coronavirus disease 2019 around the world. As the face mask is usually made from polymers and phthalates are widely-used additives into the polymers, the face mask could be a potential source of phthalate exposure to humans. However, limited knowledge is available on the occurrence and risks of the phthalates from the face mask. In this study, twelve phthalates were determined in 56 mask samples collected from different countries. The phthalates were detected in all the samples with total levels ranging from 115 ng/g to 37,700 ng/g. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the phthalates from the masks ranged from 3.71 to 639 ng/kg-bw/day, and the EDIs of the phthalates from masks for toddlers were approximately 4–5 times higher than those for adults. Non-carcinogenic risks in relation to the phthalates in masks were found to be within safe levels, yet 89.3% of the mask samples exhibited potential carcinogenic effects to humans. The extent of the risks for wearing masks located at a moderate level comparing with other skin-contacted products. This study unveiled a potential source of phthalate exposure to human, and indicated necessity of managing types and levels of additives in the face masks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8496910 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Elsevier B.V. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84969102021-10-08 Face mask—A potential source of phthalate exposure for human Xie, Huaijun Han, Wenjing Xie, Qing Xu, Tong Zhu, Minghua Chen, Jingwen J Hazard Mater Article Face masks are necessary for fighting against the coronavirus disease 2019 around the world. As the face mask is usually made from polymers and phthalates are widely-used additives into the polymers, the face mask could be a potential source of phthalate exposure to humans. However, limited knowledge is available on the occurrence and risks of the phthalates from the face mask. In this study, twelve phthalates were determined in 56 mask samples collected from different countries. The phthalates were detected in all the samples with total levels ranging from 115 ng/g to 37,700 ng/g. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of the phthalates from the masks ranged from 3.71 to 639 ng/kg-bw/day, and the EDIs of the phthalates from masks for toddlers were approximately 4–5 times higher than those for adults. Non-carcinogenic risks in relation to the phthalates in masks were found to be within safe levels, yet 89.3% of the mask samples exhibited potential carcinogenic effects to humans. The extent of the risks for wearing masks located at a moderate level comparing with other skin-contacted products. This study unveiled a potential source of phthalate exposure to human, and indicated necessity of managing types and levels of additives in the face masks. Elsevier B.V. 2022-01-15 2021-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8496910/ /pubmed/34403943 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126848 Text en © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Xie, Huaijun Han, Wenjing Xie, Qing Xu, Tong Zhu, Minghua Chen, Jingwen Face mask—A potential source of phthalate exposure for human |
title | Face mask—A potential source of phthalate exposure for human |
title_full | Face mask—A potential source of phthalate exposure for human |
title_fullStr | Face mask—A potential source of phthalate exposure for human |
title_full_unstemmed | Face mask—A potential source of phthalate exposure for human |
title_short | Face mask—A potential source of phthalate exposure for human |
title_sort | face mask—a potential source of phthalate exposure for human |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8496910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34403943 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126848 |
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