Component of oligomeric Golgi complex 1 deficiency leads to hypoglycemia: a case report and literature review

BACKGROUND: Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of metabolic diseases with clinical and genetic heterogeneity, and CDG-IIg is one of the rare reported types of CDG. The aim of this study is to report the clinical manifestations and gene-phenotype characteristics of a rare case of CDG caused by a COG1 gene mutation and review literatures of CDG disease. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was male, and the main clinical symptoms were developmental retardation, convulsion, strabismus, and hypoglycemia, which is rarely reported in CDG-IIg. We treated the patient with glucose infusion and he was recovered from hypoglycemia. Genetic analysis showed that the patient carried the heterozygous intron mutation c.1070 + 3A > G (splicing) in the coding region of the COG1 gene that was inherited from the mother, and the heterozygous mutation c.2492G > A (p. Arg831Gln) in exon 10 of the COG1 gene that was inherited from the father. The genes interacting with COG1 were mainly involved in the transport and composition of the Golgi. The clinical data and laboratory results from a patient diagnosed with CDG-IIg were analyzed, and the causative gene mutation was identified by high-throughput sequencing. The genes and signal pathways related to COG1 were analyzed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The c.2492G > A (p. Arg831Gln) mutation in exon 10 of the COG1 gene may be a potential pathogenetic variant for CDG-IIg. Because of the various manifestations of CDG in clinical practice, multidisciplinary collaboration is important for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-021-02922-7.