The relationship between nasal polyps, bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and non-allergic rhinitis

INTRODUCTION: Nasal polyps are frequently associated with bronchial asthma and rhinitis. The chronic nature of the symptoms, the high post-treatment recurrence rates, as well as various comorbidities, constitute key factors that significantly affect the quality of life of patients diagnosed with this condition. AIM: The purpose of the study was to estimate the prevalence of nasal polyps in the examined population and to assess the possible associative occurrence of nasal polyps (NP) with bronchial asthma (BA), allergic (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (NAR), and atopic dermatitis (AD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The ECRHS II and ISAAC questionnaires of the study group of 18,458 individuals, including 4,473 6–7-year-olds (24.2%), 4,675 13–14-year-olds (25.4%), and 9,310 20–44-year-olds (50.4%) were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of nasal polyps in the examined group was 1.1%, reported by a total of 204 individuals. Nasal polyps were reported more frequently among urban residents (191 (1.1%)) than rural residents (13 (0.6%)). Our study demonstrated a correlation between the presence of nasal polyps and asthma, as well as allergic and non-allergic rhinitis The greatest risk factor for NP in the evaluated subpopulation with multiple allergic conditions was the co-existence of non-allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis (OR = 6.09; 95% CI: 3.4–10.93). CONCLUSIONS: Nasal polyps are relatively rare in the evaluated Polish population. Nonetheless, we believe their co-occurrence with non-allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, and atopic dermatitis to be of significant importance, as it illustrates the phenomenon of multimorbidity of inflammatory conditions affecting the upper and lower respiratory tract.