Skin oxygenation impairment is associated with increased total cholesterol level in children with short-lasting type 1 diabetes mellitus

INTRODUCTION: Transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO(2)) is a non-invasive method of measuring skin oxygenation that may reflect its superficial perfusion. Skin microvasculature may be impaired in patients with late onset of type 1 diabetes (DM1). However, its condition in children has not been fully determined. AIM: To compare tcPO(2) in children with short-lasting non-complicated DM1 and age-matched healthy controls with regard to concomitant vascular risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 51 paediatric patients aged 14.9 (8.4–18.0) years with short-lasting DM1 without clinical evidence of diabetic micro- or macroangiopathy and 28 control subjects aged 14.8 (11.3–17.7) years. TcPO(2) was tested prior, during and after applying post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) test in standardized conditions. Biochemical parameters were assessed and then compared between the groups. RESULTS: TcPO(2) at maximal ischemia during PORH was higher in the DM1 patients than in healthy controls (2.4 (0.7–18.8) vs. 1.6 (0.4–12.0), p = 0.002). No differences were found regarding the tcPO(2) measurements recorded prior to ischemia or after recovery. In DM1, concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA(1c) and TSH were significantly higher than in healthy controls. The fT4 levels were significantly lower in the DM1 group. After adjusting for lipid levels, no differences in tcPO(2) were found, and a multivariate analysis showed the cholesterol levels have a significant impact on tcPO(2) response to maximal ischemia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that increased lipid levels are responsible for the impaired skin response to ischemic stimuli in short-lasting DM1. This supports the importance of aggressive lipid control in prevention of early onset microangiopathy in those patients.