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Is seasonal flowering time of Paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation?

Members of the genus Paphiopedilum are world-famous for their large, colourful flowers, unique floral morphology and long floral lifespan. Most Paphiopedilum species bloom in spring or autumn. The control of flowering time is of great significance to the commercial production of floral crops, becaus...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Feng, Jing-Qiu, Xia, Qian, Zhang, Feng-Ping, Wang, Ji-Hua, Zhang, Shi-Bao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8501908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34646434
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plab053
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author Feng, Jing-Qiu
Xia, Qian
Zhang, Feng-Ping
Wang, Ji-Hua
Zhang, Shi-Bao
author_facet Feng, Jing-Qiu
Xia, Qian
Zhang, Feng-Ping
Wang, Ji-Hua
Zhang, Shi-Bao
author_sort Feng, Jing-Qiu
collection PubMed
description Members of the genus Paphiopedilum are world-famous for their large, colourful flowers, unique floral morphology and long floral lifespan. Most Paphiopedilum species bloom in spring or autumn. The control of flowering time is of great significance to the commercial production of floral crops, because it affects the sales and prices of flowers. However, the mechanism that regulates when Paphiopedilum species bloom is unclear. In the present study, floral bud initiation and development of P. micranthum (spring-flowering species with one flower per stalk), P. dianthum (autumn-flowering species with multiple flowers per stalk) and P. henryanum (autumn-flowering species with one flower per stalk) were investigated by morphological and anatomical methods. We divided Paphiopedilum floral bud differentiation into six phases: the initiation of differentiation, inflorescence primordium differentiation, flower primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation and column primordium differentiation. We found that the timing of floral bud differentiation for the three species was synchronized when experiencing the same environment, while the period from initiation to flowering largely differed. In addition, initiation of floral bud differentiation in P. dianthum was earlier at a warmer environment. The difference in flowering time of three species was mainly caused by the duration of floral bud development, rather than the initiation time. The findings were of great significance for the cultivation and flowering regulation of Paphiopedilum species.
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spelling pubmed-85019082021-10-12 Is seasonal flowering time of Paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation? Feng, Jing-Qiu Xia, Qian Zhang, Feng-Ping Wang, Ji-Hua Zhang, Shi-Bao AoB Plants Studies Members of the genus Paphiopedilum are world-famous for their large, colourful flowers, unique floral morphology and long floral lifespan. Most Paphiopedilum species bloom in spring or autumn. The control of flowering time is of great significance to the commercial production of floral crops, because it affects the sales and prices of flowers. However, the mechanism that regulates when Paphiopedilum species bloom is unclear. In the present study, floral bud initiation and development of P. micranthum (spring-flowering species with one flower per stalk), P. dianthum (autumn-flowering species with multiple flowers per stalk) and P. henryanum (autumn-flowering species with one flower per stalk) were investigated by morphological and anatomical methods. We divided Paphiopedilum floral bud differentiation into six phases: the initiation of differentiation, inflorescence primordium differentiation, flower primordium differentiation, sepal primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation and column primordium differentiation. We found that the timing of floral bud differentiation for the three species was synchronized when experiencing the same environment, while the period from initiation to flowering largely differed. In addition, initiation of floral bud differentiation in P. dianthum was earlier at a warmer environment. The difference in flowering time of three species was mainly caused by the duration of floral bud development, rather than the initiation time. The findings were of great significance for the cultivation and flowering regulation of Paphiopedilum species. Oxford University Press 2021-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8501908/ /pubmed/34646434 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plab053 Text en © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Studies
Feng, Jing-Qiu
Xia, Qian
Zhang, Feng-Ping
Wang, Ji-Hua
Zhang, Shi-Bao
Is seasonal flowering time of Paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation?
title Is seasonal flowering time of Paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation?
title_full Is seasonal flowering time of Paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation?
title_fullStr Is seasonal flowering time of Paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation?
title_full_unstemmed Is seasonal flowering time of Paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation?
title_short Is seasonal flowering time of Paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation?
title_sort is seasonal flowering time of paphiopedilum species caused by differences in initial time of floral bud differentiation?
topic Studies
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8501908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34646434
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plab053
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