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Social Jetlag Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Predictor of Insomnia – A Multi-National Survey Study
PURPOSE: Lifestyle and work habits have been drastically altered by restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether the associated changes in sleep timing modulate the risk of suffering from symptoms of insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder, is however incompletely understood. Here, we eval...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Dove
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8502537/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34675720 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S327365 |
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author | Brandão, Luiz Eduardo Mateus Martikainen, Teemu Merikanto, Ilona Holzinger, Brigitte Morin, Charles M Espie, Colin A Bolstad, Courtney J Leger, Damien Chung, Frances Plazzi, Giuseppe Dauvilliers, Yves Matsui, Kentaro De Gennaro, Luigi Sieminski, Mariusz Nadorff, Michael R Chan, Ngan Yin Wing, Yun Kwok Mota-Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Inoue, Yuichi Partinen, Markku Benedict, Christian Bjorvatn, Bjorn Cedernaes, Jonathan |
author_facet | Brandão, Luiz Eduardo Mateus Martikainen, Teemu Merikanto, Ilona Holzinger, Brigitte Morin, Charles M Espie, Colin A Bolstad, Courtney J Leger, Damien Chung, Frances Plazzi, Giuseppe Dauvilliers, Yves Matsui, Kentaro De Gennaro, Luigi Sieminski, Mariusz Nadorff, Michael R Chan, Ngan Yin Wing, Yun Kwok Mota-Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Inoue, Yuichi Partinen, Markku Benedict, Christian Bjorvatn, Bjorn Cedernaes, Jonathan |
author_sort | Brandão, Luiz Eduardo Mateus |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: Lifestyle and work habits have been drastically altered by restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether the associated changes in sleep timing modulate the risk of suffering from symptoms of insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder, is however incompletely understood. Here, we evaluate the association between the early pandemic-associated change in 1) the magnitude of social jetlag (SJL) – ie, the difference between sleep timing on working vs free days – and 2) symptoms of insomnia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 14,968 anonymous participants (mean age: 40 years; 64% females) responded to a standardized internet-based survey distributed across 14 countries. Using logistic multivariate regression, we examined the association between the degree of social jetlag and symptoms of insomnia, controlling for important confounders like social restriction extension, country specific COVID-19 severity and psychological distress, for example. RESULTS: In response to the pandemic, participants reported later sleep timing, especially during workdays. Most participants (46%) exhibited a reduction in their SJL, whereas 20% increased it; and 34% reported no change in SJL. Notably, we found that both increased and decreased SJL, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, were associated with later sleep midpoint (indicating a later chronotype) as well as more recurrent and moderate-to-severe symptoms of insomnia (about 23–54% higher odds ratio than subjects with unchanged SJL). Primarily those with reduced SJL shifted their bedtimes to a later timepoint, compared with those without changes in SJL. CONCLUSION: Our findings offer important insights into how self-reported changes to the stability of sleep/wake timing, as reflected by changes in SJL, can be a critical marker of the risk of experiencing insomnia-related symptoms – even when individuals manage to reduce their social jetlag. These findings emphasize the clinical importance of analyzing sleep-wake regularity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8502537 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Dove |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85025372021-10-20 Social Jetlag Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Predictor of Insomnia – A Multi-National Survey Study Brandão, Luiz Eduardo Mateus Martikainen, Teemu Merikanto, Ilona Holzinger, Brigitte Morin, Charles M Espie, Colin A Bolstad, Courtney J Leger, Damien Chung, Frances Plazzi, Giuseppe Dauvilliers, Yves Matsui, Kentaro De Gennaro, Luigi Sieminski, Mariusz Nadorff, Michael R Chan, Ngan Yin Wing, Yun Kwok Mota-Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Inoue, Yuichi Partinen, Markku Benedict, Christian Bjorvatn, Bjorn Cedernaes, Jonathan Nat Sci Sleep Original Research PURPOSE: Lifestyle and work habits have been drastically altered by restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether the associated changes in sleep timing modulate the risk of suffering from symptoms of insomnia, the most prevalent sleep disorder, is however incompletely understood. Here, we evaluate the association between the early pandemic-associated change in 1) the magnitude of social jetlag (SJL) – ie, the difference between sleep timing on working vs free days – and 2) symptoms of insomnia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 14,968 anonymous participants (mean age: 40 years; 64% females) responded to a standardized internet-based survey distributed across 14 countries. Using logistic multivariate regression, we examined the association between the degree of social jetlag and symptoms of insomnia, controlling for important confounders like social restriction extension, country specific COVID-19 severity and psychological distress, for example. RESULTS: In response to the pandemic, participants reported later sleep timing, especially during workdays. Most participants (46%) exhibited a reduction in their SJL, whereas 20% increased it; and 34% reported no change in SJL. Notably, we found that both increased and decreased SJL, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, were associated with later sleep midpoint (indicating a later chronotype) as well as more recurrent and moderate-to-severe symptoms of insomnia (about 23–54% higher odds ratio than subjects with unchanged SJL). Primarily those with reduced SJL shifted their bedtimes to a later timepoint, compared with those without changes in SJL. CONCLUSION: Our findings offer important insights into how self-reported changes to the stability of sleep/wake timing, as reflected by changes in SJL, can be a critical marker of the risk of experiencing insomnia-related symptoms – even when individuals manage to reduce their social jetlag. These findings emphasize the clinical importance of analyzing sleep-wake regularity. Dove 2021-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8502537/ /pubmed/34675720 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S327365 Text en © 2021 Brandão et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) ). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Brandão, Luiz Eduardo Mateus Martikainen, Teemu Merikanto, Ilona Holzinger, Brigitte Morin, Charles M Espie, Colin A Bolstad, Courtney J Leger, Damien Chung, Frances Plazzi, Giuseppe Dauvilliers, Yves Matsui, Kentaro De Gennaro, Luigi Sieminski, Mariusz Nadorff, Michael R Chan, Ngan Yin Wing, Yun Kwok Mota-Rolim, Sérgio Arthuro Inoue, Yuichi Partinen, Markku Benedict, Christian Bjorvatn, Bjorn Cedernaes, Jonathan Social Jetlag Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Predictor of Insomnia – A Multi-National Survey Study |
title | Social Jetlag Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Predictor of Insomnia – A Multi-National Survey Study |
title_full | Social Jetlag Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Predictor of Insomnia – A Multi-National Survey Study |
title_fullStr | Social Jetlag Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Predictor of Insomnia – A Multi-National Survey Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Social Jetlag Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Predictor of Insomnia – A Multi-National Survey Study |
title_short | Social Jetlag Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic as a Predictor of Insomnia – A Multi-National Survey Study |
title_sort | social jetlag changes during the covid-19 pandemic as a predictor of insomnia – a multi-national survey study |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8502537/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34675720 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S327365 |
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