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A Reversal in Hair Cell Orientation Organizes Both the Auditory and Vestibular Organs
Sensory hair cells detect mechanical stimuli with their hair bundle, an asymmetrical brush of actin-based membrane protrusions, or stereocilia. At the single cell level, stereocilia are organized in rows of graded heights that confer the hair bundle with intrinsic directional sensitivity. At the org...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8502876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34646115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.695914 |
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author | Tarchini, Basile |
author_facet | Tarchini, Basile |
author_sort | Tarchini, Basile |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sensory hair cells detect mechanical stimuli with their hair bundle, an asymmetrical brush of actin-based membrane protrusions, or stereocilia. At the single cell level, stereocilia are organized in rows of graded heights that confer the hair bundle with intrinsic directional sensitivity. At the organ level, each hair cell is precisely oriented so that its intrinsic directional sensitivity matches the direction of mechanical stimuli reaching the sensory epithelium. Coordinated orientation among neighboring hair cells usually ensures the delivery of a coherent local group response. Accordingly, hair cell orientation is locally uniform in the auditory and vestibular cristae epithelia in birds and mammals. However, an exception to this rule is found in the vestibular macular organs, and in fish lateral line neuromasts, where two hair cell populations show opposing orientations. This mirror-image hair cell organization confers bidirectional sensitivity at the organ level. Here I review our current understanding of the molecular machinery that produces mirror-image organization through a regional reversal of hair cell orientation. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that auditory hair cells adopt their normal uniform orientation through a global reversal mechanism similar to the one at work regionally in macular and neuromast organs. Macular and auditory organs thus appear to be patterned more similarly than previously appreciated during inner ear development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8502876 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85028762021-10-12 A Reversal in Hair Cell Orientation Organizes Both the Auditory and Vestibular Organs Tarchini, Basile Front Neurosci Neuroscience Sensory hair cells detect mechanical stimuli with their hair bundle, an asymmetrical brush of actin-based membrane protrusions, or stereocilia. At the single cell level, stereocilia are organized in rows of graded heights that confer the hair bundle with intrinsic directional sensitivity. At the organ level, each hair cell is precisely oriented so that its intrinsic directional sensitivity matches the direction of mechanical stimuli reaching the sensory epithelium. Coordinated orientation among neighboring hair cells usually ensures the delivery of a coherent local group response. Accordingly, hair cell orientation is locally uniform in the auditory and vestibular cristae epithelia in birds and mammals. However, an exception to this rule is found in the vestibular macular organs, and in fish lateral line neuromasts, where two hair cell populations show opposing orientations. This mirror-image hair cell organization confers bidirectional sensitivity at the organ level. Here I review our current understanding of the molecular machinery that produces mirror-image organization through a regional reversal of hair cell orientation. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that auditory hair cells adopt their normal uniform orientation through a global reversal mechanism similar to the one at work regionally in macular and neuromast organs. Macular and auditory organs thus appear to be patterned more similarly than previously appreciated during inner ear development. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8502876/ /pubmed/34646115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.695914 Text en Copyright © 2021 Tarchini. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Tarchini, Basile A Reversal in Hair Cell Orientation Organizes Both the Auditory and Vestibular Organs |
title | A Reversal in Hair Cell Orientation Organizes Both the Auditory and Vestibular Organs |
title_full | A Reversal in Hair Cell Orientation Organizes Both the Auditory and Vestibular Organs |
title_fullStr | A Reversal in Hair Cell Orientation Organizes Both the Auditory and Vestibular Organs |
title_full_unstemmed | A Reversal in Hair Cell Orientation Organizes Both the Auditory and Vestibular Organs |
title_short | A Reversal in Hair Cell Orientation Organizes Both the Auditory and Vestibular Organs |
title_sort | reversal in hair cell orientation organizes both the auditory and vestibular organs |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8502876/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34646115 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.695914 |
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