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Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals
We hypothesized whether propofol or active propofol component (2,6‐diisopropylphenol [DIPPH] and lipid excipient [LIP‐EXC]) separately may alter inflammatory mediators expressed by macrophages and neutrophils in lean and obese rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 10) were randomly assigned to receive a stand...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8503301/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34632734 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.873 |
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author | Heil, Luciana Boavista Barros Cruz, Fernanda Ferreira Antunes, Mariana Alves Braga, Cassia Lisboa Agra, Lais Costa Bose Leão, Rebecca Madureira Abreu, Soraia Carvalho Pelosi, Paolo Silva, Pedro Leme Rocco, Patricia Rieken Macedo |
author_facet | Heil, Luciana Boavista Barros Cruz, Fernanda Ferreira Antunes, Mariana Alves Braga, Cassia Lisboa Agra, Lais Costa Bose Leão, Rebecca Madureira Abreu, Soraia Carvalho Pelosi, Paolo Silva, Pedro Leme Rocco, Patricia Rieken Macedo |
author_sort | Heil, Luciana Boavista Barros |
collection | PubMed |
description | We hypothesized whether propofol or active propofol component (2,6‐diisopropylphenol [DIPPH] and lipid excipient [LIP‐EXC]) separately may alter inflammatory mediators expressed by macrophages and neutrophils in lean and obese rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 10) were randomly assigned to receive a standard (lean) or obesity‐inducing diet (obese) for 12 weeks. Animals were euthanized, and alveolar macrophages and neutrophils from lean and obese animals were exposed to propofol (50 µM), active propofol component (50 µM, 2,6‐DIPPH), and lipid excipient (soybean oil, purified egg phospholipid, and glycerol) for 1 h. The primary outcome was IL‐6 expression after propofol and its components exposure by alveolar macrophages extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The secondary outcomes were the production of mediators released by macrophages from adipose tissue, and neutrophils from lung and adipose tissues, and neutrophil migration. IL‐6 increased after the exposure to both propofol (median [interquartile range] 4.14[1.95–5.20]; p = .04) and its active component (2,6‐DIPPH) (4.09[1.67–5.91]; p = .04) in alveolar macrophages from obese animals. However, only 2,6‐DIPPH increased IL‐10 expression (7.59[6.28–12.95]; p = .001) in adipose tissue‐derived macrophages. Additionally, 2,6‐DIPPH increased C‐X‐C chemokine receptor 2 and 4 (CXCR2 and CXCR4, respectively) in lung (10.08[8.23–29.01]; p = .02; 1.55[1.49–3.43]; p = .02) and adipose tissues (8.78[4.15–11.57]; p = .03; 2.86[2.17–3.71]; p = .01), as well as improved lung‐derived neutrophil migration (28.00[−3.42 to 45.07]; p = .001). In obesity, the active component of propofol affected both the M1 and M2 markers as well as neutrophils in both alveolar and adipose tissue cells, suggesting that lipid excipient may hinder the effects of active propofol. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8503301 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85033012021-10-18 Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals Heil, Luciana Boavista Barros Cruz, Fernanda Ferreira Antunes, Mariana Alves Braga, Cassia Lisboa Agra, Lais Costa Bose Leão, Rebecca Madureira Abreu, Soraia Carvalho Pelosi, Paolo Silva, Pedro Leme Rocco, Patricia Rieken Macedo Pharmacol Res Perspect Original Articles We hypothesized whether propofol or active propofol component (2,6‐diisopropylphenol [DIPPH] and lipid excipient [LIP‐EXC]) separately may alter inflammatory mediators expressed by macrophages and neutrophils in lean and obese rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 10) were randomly assigned to receive a standard (lean) or obesity‐inducing diet (obese) for 12 weeks. Animals were euthanized, and alveolar macrophages and neutrophils from lean and obese animals were exposed to propofol (50 µM), active propofol component (50 µM, 2,6‐DIPPH), and lipid excipient (soybean oil, purified egg phospholipid, and glycerol) for 1 h. The primary outcome was IL‐6 expression after propofol and its components exposure by alveolar macrophages extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The secondary outcomes were the production of mediators released by macrophages from adipose tissue, and neutrophils from lung and adipose tissues, and neutrophil migration. IL‐6 increased after the exposure to both propofol (median [interquartile range] 4.14[1.95–5.20]; p = .04) and its active component (2,6‐DIPPH) (4.09[1.67–5.91]; p = .04) in alveolar macrophages from obese animals. However, only 2,6‐DIPPH increased IL‐10 expression (7.59[6.28–12.95]; p = .001) in adipose tissue‐derived macrophages. Additionally, 2,6‐DIPPH increased C‐X‐C chemokine receptor 2 and 4 (CXCR2 and CXCR4, respectively) in lung (10.08[8.23–29.01]; p = .02; 1.55[1.49–3.43]; p = .02) and adipose tissues (8.78[4.15–11.57]; p = .03; 2.86[2.17–3.71]; p = .01), as well as improved lung‐derived neutrophil migration (28.00[−3.42 to 45.07]; p = .001). In obesity, the active component of propofol affected both the M1 and M2 markers as well as neutrophils in both alveolar and adipose tissue cells, suggesting that lipid excipient may hinder the effects of active propofol. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8503301/ /pubmed/34632734 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.873 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives published by British Pharmacological Society and American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Heil, Luciana Boavista Barros Cruz, Fernanda Ferreira Antunes, Mariana Alves Braga, Cassia Lisboa Agra, Lais Costa Bose Leão, Rebecca Madureira Abreu, Soraia Carvalho Pelosi, Paolo Silva, Pedro Leme Rocco, Patricia Rieken Macedo Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals |
title | Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals |
title_full | Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals |
title_fullStr | Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals |
title_short | Effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals |
title_sort | effects of propofol and its formulation components on macrophages and neutrophils in obese and lean animals |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8503301/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34632734 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prp2.873 |
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