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Effects of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Sports Practice, Life Quality, and Emotional Status in Spanish High-Performance Athletes
Spain is one of the many countries highly affected by the COVID-19 crisis, establishing very restrictive measures with a complete lockdown for more than 3 months. This situation forced the complete closure of sport practice and national or international competitions, leading to a negative impact on...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8503513/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34646217 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736499 |
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author | Conde, Elena Martínez-Aranda, Luis Manuel Sanz, Gema López de Subijana, Cristina Sánchez-Pato, Antonio Díaz-Aroca, Álvaro Leiva-Arcas, Alejandro García-Roca, Juan Alfonso Ramis, Yago Torregrossa, Miquel |
author_facet | Conde, Elena Martínez-Aranda, Luis Manuel Sanz, Gema López de Subijana, Cristina Sánchez-Pato, Antonio Díaz-Aroca, Álvaro Leiva-Arcas, Alejandro García-Roca, Juan Alfonso Ramis, Yago Torregrossa, Miquel |
author_sort | Conde, Elena |
collection | PubMed |
description | Spain is one of the many countries highly affected by the COVID-19 crisis, establishing very restrictive measures with a complete lockdown for more than 3 months. This situation forced the complete closure of sport practice and national or international competitions, leading to a negative impact on physical and psychological health of high-performance athletes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (a) to determine the effects of the COVID-19 health crisis on Spanish high-performance athletes in terms of sports practice, life quality, and emotional state and (b) to identify the profile with the greatest difficulties during and after the lockdown. A sample of 130 high-performance athletes aged between 18 and 34 years (67 women and 63 men) participated in this study (83.1% achieved a medal in National–International elite competitions; 86.9% were considered student-athletes). Measures included socio-demographic data through a 5-dimension ad hoc survey: physical activity and exercise using an adapted version from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); health status and limitations using an adapted version of SF-12 Health Questionnaire; Perceived stress (Short-PSS); and Mood States (29-item POMS). All participants have shown a significant decrease pre–post-lockdown in both health and performance perception, especially in women, individual athletes, medalists, and student-athletes. Strong limitations of training, attention, and motivation as well as a moderate negative emotional state during lockdown were reported, in women, individual athletes, medalists, and student-athletes. Even with an improved emotional state and energy level in the post-lockdown period, moderate-to-high stress scores were reported by women and medalists. Our findings highlight the importance of paying attention to the physical and psychological health of elite athletes on three profiles: team athletes (due to social distance), student-athletes (dual-career issues), and women athletes (prevalence of implicit gender inequalities in sport). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8503513 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85035132021-10-12 Effects of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Sports Practice, Life Quality, and Emotional Status in Spanish High-Performance Athletes Conde, Elena Martínez-Aranda, Luis Manuel Sanz, Gema López de Subijana, Cristina Sánchez-Pato, Antonio Díaz-Aroca, Álvaro Leiva-Arcas, Alejandro García-Roca, Juan Alfonso Ramis, Yago Torregrossa, Miquel Front Psychol Psychology Spain is one of the many countries highly affected by the COVID-19 crisis, establishing very restrictive measures with a complete lockdown for more than 3 months. This situation forced the complete closure of sport practice and national or international competitions, leading to a negative impact on physical and psychological health of high-performance athletes. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (a) to determine the effects of the COVID-19 health crisis on Spanish high-performance athletes in terms of sports practice, life quality, and emotional state and (b) to identify the profile with the greatest difficulties during and after the lockdown. A sample of 130 high-performance athletes aged between 18 and 34 years (67 women and 63 men) participated in this study (83.1% achieved a medal in National–International elite competitions; 86.9% were considered student-athletes). Measures included socio-demographic data through a 5-dimension ad hoc survey: physical activity and exercise using an adapted version from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ); health status and limitations using an adapted version of SF-12 Health Questionnaire; Perceived stress (Short-PSS); and Mood States (29-item POMS). All participants have shown a significant decrease pre–post-lockdown in both health and performance perception, especially in women, individual athletes, medalists, and student-athletes. Strong limitations of training, attention, and motivation as well as a moderate negative emotional state during lockdown were reported, in women, individual athletes, medalists, and student-athletes. Even with an improved emotional state and energy level in the post-lockdown period, moderate-to-high stress scores were reported by women and medalists. Our findings highlight the importance of paying attention to the physical and psychological health of elite athletes on three profiles: team athletes (due to social distance), student-athletes (dual-career issues), and women athletes (prevalence of implicit gender inequalities in sport). Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8503513/ /pubmed/34646217 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736499 Text en Copyright © 2021 Conde, Martínez-Aranda, Sanz, López de Subijana, Sánchez-Pato, Díaz-Aroca, Leiva-Arcas, García-Roca and Ramis and Torregrossa. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Conde, Elena Martínez-Aranda, Luis Manuel Sanz, Gema López de Subijana, Cristina Sánchez-Pato, Antonio Díaz-Aroca, Álvaro Leiva-Arcas, Alejandro García-Roca, Juan Alfonso Ramis, Yago Torregrossa, Miquel Effects of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Sports Practice, Life Quality, and Emotional Status in Spanish High-Performance Athletes |
title | Effects of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Sports Practice, Life Quality, and Emotional Status in Spanish High-Performance Athletes |
title_full | Effects of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Sports Practice, Life Quality, and Emotional Status in Spanish High-Performance Athletes |
title_fullStr | Effects of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Sports Practice, Life Quality, and Emotional Status in Spanish High-Performance Athletes |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Sports Practice, Life Quality, and Emotional Status in Spanish High-Performance Athletes |
title_short | Effects of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Sports Practice, Life Quality, and Emotional Status in Spanish High-Performance Athletes |
title_sort | effects of the covid-19 health crisis on sports practice, life quality, and emotional status in spanish high-performance athletes |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8503513/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34646217 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736499 |
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