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Sleepiness is a signal to go to bed: data and model simulations

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Assess the validity of a subjective measure of sleepiness as an indicator of sleep drive by quantifying associations between intraindividual variation in evening sleepiness and bedtime, sleep duration, and next morning and subsequent evening sleepiness, in young adults. METHODS: Sl...

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Autores principales: Shochat, Tamar, Santhi, Nayantara, Herer, Paula, Dijk, Derk-Jan, Skeldon, Anne C
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8503825/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33991415
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab123
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author Shochat, Tamar
Santhi, Nayantara
Herer, Paula
Dijk, Derk-Jan
Skeldon, Anne C
author_facet Shochat, Tamar
Santhi, Nayantara
Herer, Paula
Dijk, Derk-Jan
Skeldon, Anne C
author_sort Shochat, Tamar
collection PubMed
description STUDY OBJECTIVES: Assess the validity of a subjective measure of sleepiness as an indicator of sleep drive by quantifying associations between intraindividual variation in evening sleepiness and bedtime, sleep duration, and next morning and subsequent evening sleepiness, in young adults. METHODS: Sleep timing and sleepiness were assessed in 19 students in late autumn and late spring on a total of 771 days. Karolinska Sleepiness Scales (KSS) were completed at half-hourly intervals at fixed clock times starting 4 h prior to participants’ habitual bedtime, and in the morning. Associations between sleepiness and sleep timing were evaluated by mixed model and nonparametric approaches and simulated with a mathematical model for the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleepiness. RESULTS: Intraindividual variation in evening sleepiness was very large, covering four or five points on the 9-point KSS scale, and was significantly associated with subsequent sleep timing. On average, a one point higher KSS value was followed by 20 min earlier bedtime, which led to 11 min longer sleep, which correlated with lower sleepiness next morning and the following evening. Associations between sleepiness and sleep timing were stronger in early compared to late sleepers. Model simulations indicated that the directions of associations between sleepiness and sleep timing are in accordance with their homeostatic and circadian regulation, even though much of the variance in evening sleepiness and details of its time course remain unexplained by the model. CONCLUSION: Subjective sleepiness is a valid indicator of the drive for sleep which, if acted upon, can reduce insufficient sleep.
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spelling pubmed-85038252021-10-13 Sleepiness is a signal to go to bed: data and model simulations Shochat, Tamar Santhi, Nayantara Herer, Paula Dijk, Derk-Jan Skeldon, Anne C Sleep Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience of Sleep STUDY OBJECTIVES: Assess the validity of a subjective measure of sleepiness as an indicator of sleep drive by quantifying associations between intraindividual variation in evening sleepiness and bedtime, sleep duration, and next morning and subsequent evening sleepiness, in young adults. METHODS: Sleep timing and sleepiness were assessed in 19 students in late autumn and late spring on a total of 771 days. Karolinska Sleepiness Scales (KSS) were completed at half-hourly intervals at fixed clock times starting 4 h prior to participants’ habitual bedtime, and in the morning. Associations between sleepiness and sleep timing were evaluated by mixed model and nonparametric approaches and simulated with a mathematical model for the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleepiness. RESULTS: Intraindividual variation in evening sleepiness was very large, covering four or five points on the 9-point KSS scale, and was significantly associated with subsequent sleep timing. On average, a one point higher KSS value was followed by 20 min earlier bedtime, which led to 11 min longer sleep, which correlated with lower sleepiness next morning and the following evening. Associations between sleepiness and sleep timing were stronger in early compared to late sleepers. Model simulations indicated that the directions of associations between sleepiness and sleep timing are in accordance with their homeostatic and circadian regulation, even though much of the variance in evening sleepiness and details of its time course remain unexplained by the model. CONCLUSION: Subjective sleepiness is a valid indicator of the drive for sleep which, if acted upon, can reduce insufficient sleep. Oxford University Press 2021-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8503825/ /pubmed/33991415 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab123 Text en © Sleep Research Society 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience of Sleep
Shochat, Tamar
Santhi, Nayantara
Herer, Paula
Dijk, Derk-Jan
Skeldon, Anne C
Sleepiness is a signal to go to bed: data and model simulations
title Sleepiness is a signal to go to bed: data and model simulations
title_full Sleepiness is a signal to go to bed: data and model simulations
title_fullStr Sleepiness is a signal to go to bed: data and model simulations
title_full_unstemmed Sleepiness is a signal to go to bed: data and model simulations
title_short Sleepiness is a signal to go to bed: data and model simulations
title_sort sleepiness is a signal to go to bed: data and model simulations
topic Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience of Sleep
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8503825/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33991415
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab123
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