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Severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by Caryospora bigenetica

BACKGROUND: Caryospora bigenetica is an intracellular protozoan parasite, which in its primary hosts, typically snakes, is found it the intestine. Extraintestinal multiplication with the development of tissue cysts takes place in secondary hosts, which are normally prey for snakes. Natural infection...

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Autores principales: Saari, Seppo, Schildt, Kirsti, Malkamäki, Sanna, Andersin, Ulla, Sukura, Antti
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8504020/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34629092
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00604-z
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author Saari, Seppo
Schildt, Kirsti
Malkamäki, Sanna
Andersin, Ulla
Sukura, Antti
author_facet Saari, Seppo
Schildt, Kirsti
Malkamäki, Sanna
Andersin, Ulla
Sukura, Antti
author_sort Saari, Seppo
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Caryospora bigenetica is an intracellular protozoan parasite, which in its primary hosts, typically snakes, is found it the intestine. Extraintestinal multiplication with the development of tissue cysts takes place in secondary hosts, which are normally prey for snakes. Natural infection in domestic animals has been reported only in dogs; this is the first report of C. bigenetica infection in a cat. CASE PRESENTATION: A stray kitten developed nodular dermatitis after being adopted by a shelter. Firm swelling, nodules, and crusts were present mainly on the nasal bridge, eyelids, and pinnae. Histopathology and cytology revealed severe pyogranulomatous inflammation with abundant intracellular organisms suggestive of apicomplexan protozoa. Treatment with clindamycin 13 mg/kg twice daily was initiated, but the cat was euthanized because of the worsening condition. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed parasite’s apicomplexan origin postmortem, and the causative agent was identified as C. bigenetica by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: We present the first case of a naturally occurring infection with C. bigenetica in a cat. Although the definitive etiological diagnosis relied on molecular identification, the abundance of unsporulated oocysts and caryocysts and the parasite's effective reproduction within macrophages and in several other cell types might have enabled differentiation from other protozoal infections and allowed a presumptive diagnosis through cytology and histopathology.
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spelling pubmed-85040202021-10-20 Severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by Caryospora bigenetica Saari, Seppo Schildt, Kirsti Malkamäki, Sanna Andersin, Ulla Sukura, Antti Acta Vet Scand Case Report BACKGROUND: Caryospora bigenetica is an intracellular protozoan parasite, which in its primary hosts, typically snakes, is found it the intestine. Extraintestinal multiplication with the development of tissue cysts takes place in secondary hosts, which are normally prey for snakes. Natural infection in domestic animals has been reported only in dogs; this is the first report of C. bigenetica infection in a cat. CASE PRESENTATION: A stray kitten developed nodular dermatitis after being adopted by a shelter. Firm swelling, nodules, and crusts were present mainly on the nasal bridge, eyelids, and pinnae. Histopathology and cytology revealed severe pyogranulomatous inflammation with abundant intracellular organisms suggestive of apicomplexan protozoa. Treatment with clindamycin 13 mg/kg twice daily was initiated, but the cat was euthanized because of the worsening condition. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed parasite’s apicomplexan origin postmortem, and the causative agent was identified as C. bigenetica by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: We present the first case of a naturally occurring infection with C. bigenetica in a cat. Although the definitive etiological diagnosis relied on molecular identification, the abundance of unsporulated oocysts and caryocysts and the parasite's effective reproduction within macrophages and in several other cell types might have enabled differentiation from other protozoal infections and allowed a presumptive diagnosis through cytology and histopathology. BioMed Central 2021-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8504020/ /pubmed/34629092 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00604-z Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Case Report
Saari, Seppo
Schildt, Kirsti
Malkamäki, Sanna
Andersin, Ulla
Sukura, Antti
Severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by Caryospora bigenetica
title Severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by Caryospora bigenetica
title_full Severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by Caryospora bigenetica
title_fullStr Severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by Caryospora bigenetica
title_full_unstemmed Severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by Caryospora bigenetica
title_short Severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by Caryospora bigenetica
title_sort severe deforming dermatitis in a kitten caused by caryospora bigenetica
topic Case Report
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8504020/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34629092
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13028-021-00604-z
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