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Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION: As part of the integration of refugees into Rwanda’s national hepatitis C elimination agenda, a mass screening campaign for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) was conducted among Burundian refugees living in Mahama Camp, Eastern Rwanda. This cross-sectional survey used data from t...

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Autores principales: Kamali, Innocent, Barnhart, Dale A., Ndahimana, Jean d’Amour, Noor, Kassim, Mumporeze, Jeanne, Nyirahabihirwe, Françoise, Gakuru, Jean de la Paix, Musafiri, Tumusime, Urusaro, Sandra, Makuza, Jean Damascene, Serumondo, Janvier, Rwamuhinda, Dina Denis, Nkundibiza, Maurice, Kateera, Fredrick, Nshogoza, Gallican Rwibasira, Mubiligi, Joel M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8504757/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34634039
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257917
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author Kamali, Innocent
Barnhart, Dale A.
Ndahimana, Jean d’Amour
Noor, Kassim
Mumporeze, Jeanne
Nyirahabihirwe, Françoise
Gakuru, Jean de la Paix
Musafiri, Tumusime
Urusaro, Sandra
Makuza, Jean Damascene
Serumondo, Janvier
Rwamuhinda, Dina Denis
Nkundibiza, Maurice
Kateera, Fredrick
Nshogoza, Gallican Rwibasira
Mubiligi, Joel M.
author_facet Kamali, Innocent
Barnhart, Dale A.
Ndahimana, Jean d’Amour
Noor, Kassim
Mumporeze, Jeanne
Nyirahabihirwe, Françoise
Gakuru, Jean de la Paix
Musafiri, Tumusime
Urusaro, Sandra
Makuza, Jean Damascene
Serumondo, Janvier
Rwamuhinda, Dina Denis
Nkundibiza, Maurice
Kateera, Fredrick
Nshogoza, Gallican Rwibasira
Mubiligi, Joel M.
author_sort Kamali, Innocent
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: As part of the integration of refugees into Rwanda’s national hepatitis C elimination agenda, a mass screening campaign for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) was conducted among Burundian refugees living in Mahama Camp, Eastern Rwanda. This cross-sectional survey used data from the screening campaign to report on the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in this setting. METHODS: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were used to screen for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) among people of ≥15years old. We calculated seroprevalence for HBsAg and anti-HCV by age and sex and also calculated age-and-sex adjusted risk ratios (ARR) for other possible risk factors. RESULTS: Of the 26,498 screened refugees, 1,006 (3.8%) and 297 (1.1%) tested positive for HBsAg and Anti-HCV, respectively. HBsAg was more prevalent among men than women and most common among people 25–54 years old. Anti-HCV prevalence increased with age group with no difference between sexes. After adjusting for age and sex, having a household contact with HBsAg was associated with 1.59 times higher risk of having HBsAg (95% CI: 1.27, 1.99) and having a household contact with anti-HCV was associated with 3.66 times higher risk of Anti-HCV (95% CI: 2.26, 5.93). Self-reporting having HBV, HCV, liver disease, or previously screened for HBV and HCV were significantly associated with both HBsAg and anti-HCV, but RDT-confirmed HBsAg and anti-HCV statuses were not associated with each other. Other risk factors for HBsAg included diabetes (ARR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.59) and family history of hepatitis B (ARR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.56) and for anti-HCV included heart disease (ARR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.80) and history of surgery (ARR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.32). CONCLUSION: Sero-prevalence and risks factors for hepatitis B and C among Burundian were comparable to that in the Rwandan general population. Contact tracing among household members of identified HBsAg and anti-HCV infected case may be an effective approach to targeted hepatitis screening given the high risk among self-reported cases. Expanded access to voluntary testing may be needed to improve access to hepatitis treatment and care in other refugee settings.
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spelling pubmed-85047572021-10-12 Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study Kamali, Innocent Barnhart, Dale A. Ndahimana, Jean d’Amour Noor, Kassim Mumporeze, Jeanne Nyirahabihirwe, Françoise Gakuru, Jean de la Paix Musafiri, Tumusime Urusaro, Sandra Makuza, Jean Damascene Serumondo, Janvier Rwamuhinda, Dina Denis Nkundibiza, Maurice Kateera, Fredrick Nshogoza, Gallican Rwibasira Mubiligi, Joel M. PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: As part of the integration of refugees into Rwanda’s national hepatitis C elimination agenda, a mass screening campaign for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) was conducted among Burundian refugees living in Mahama Camp, Eastern Rwanda. This cross-sectional survey used data from the screening campaign to report on the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in this setting. METHODS: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were used to screen for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) among people of ≥15years old. We calculated seroprevalence for HBsAg and anti-HCV by age and sex and also calculated age-and-sex adjusted risk ratios (ARR) for other possible risk factors. RESULTS: Of the 26,498 screened refugees, 1,006 (3.8%) and 297 (1.1%) tested positive for HBsAg and Anti-HCV, respectively. HBsAg was more prevalent among men than women and most common among people 25–54 years old. Anti-HCV prevalence increased with age group with no difference between sexes. After adjusting for age and sex, having a household contact with HBsAg was associated with 1.59 times higher risk of having HBsAg (95% CI: 1.27, 1.99) and having a household contact with anti-HCV was associated with 3.66 times higher risk of Anti-HCV (95% CI: 2.26, 5.93). Self-reporting having HBV, HCV, liver disease, or previously screened for HBV and HCV were significantly associated with both HBsAg and anti-HCV, but RDT-confirmed HBsAg and anti-HCV statuses were not associated with each other. Other risk factors for HBsAg included diabetes (ARR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.59) and family history of hepatitis B (ARR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.56) and for anti-HCV included heart disease (ARR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.30, 2.80) and history of surgery (ARR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.32). CONCLUSION: Sero-prevalence and risks factors for hepatitis B and C among Burundian were comparable to that in the Rwandan general population. Contact tracing among household members of identified HBsAg and anti-HCV infected case may be an effective approach to targeted hepatitis screening given the high risk among self-reported cases. Expanded access to voluntary testing may be needed to improve access to hepatitis treatment and care in other refugee settings. Public Library of Science 2021-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8504757/ /pubmed/34634039 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257917 Text en © 2021 Kamali et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Kamali, Innocent
Barnhart, Dale A.
Ndahimana, Jean d’Amour
Noor, Kassim
Mumporeze, Jeanne
Nyirahabihirwe, Françoise
Gakuru, Jean de la Paix
Musafiri, Tumusime
Urusaro, Sandra
Makuza, Jean Damascene
Serumondo, Janvier
Rwamuhinda, Dina Denis
Nkundibiza, Maurice
Kateera, Fredrick
Nshogoza, Gallican Rwibasira
Mubiligi, Joel M.
Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study
title Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study
title_full Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study
title_short Prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugee populations living in Mahama, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study
title_sort prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis b and c viruses among refugee populations living in mahama, rwanda: a cross-sectional study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8504757/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34634039
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257917
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