Dynamic changes in metabolic health status in Chinese adults: Multiple population‐based surveys in Shanghai, China

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has been increasing worldwide. The secular change in MS components, however, remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the dynamic change in metabolic health status in Chinese adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three population‐based surveys using multistage stratified sampling were performed in Chinese aged 35–74 years in Shanghai in 2002–2003 (n = 12,302), 2009 (n = 7,400), and 2017 (n = 19,023). MS was defined according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian‐Americans. Generalized Estimating Equations and Cochran‐Armitage Trend Test was used to assess the prevalence trend over the years. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS doubled in Chinese adults over the period (P for trend < 0.001). The largest increase occurred in younger men. Among MS components, the prevalence of high waist‐circumference (HWC), high blood glucose (HBG) and high blood pressure (HBP) increased in all subjects, whereas the prevalence of high triglycerides (HTG) and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LHC) increased in men but decreased in women. The increase in HBP contributed most to elevated MS, followed by HBG and HWC, resulting in the HBP‐HBG‐HWC the most common cluster of MS components. Metabolically unhealthy overweight also grew over the period. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic health status has been exacerbating in Chinese adults and may increase burden of non‐communicable diseases.