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Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India

The global economic activities were completely stopped during COVID-19 lockdown and continuous lockdown partially brought some positive effects for the health of the total environment. The multiple industries, cities, towns and rural people are completely depending on large tropical river Damodar (I...

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Autores principales: Chakraborty, Baisakhi, Bera, Biswajit, Adhikary, Partha Pratim, Bhattacharjee, Sumana, Roy, Sambhunath, Saha, Soumik, Ghosh, Anitabha, Sengupta, Debashish, Shit, Pravat Kumar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8505400/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34635728
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99689-9
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author Chakraborty, Baisakhi
Bera, Biswajit
Adhikary, Partha Pratim
Bhattacharjee, Sumana
Roy, Sambhunath
Saha, Soumik
Ghosh, Anitabha
Sengupta, Debashish
Shit, Pravat Kumar
author_facet Chakraborty, Baisakhi
Bera, Biswajit
Adhikary, Partha Pratim
Bhattacharjee, Sumana
Roy, Sambhunath
Saha, Soumik
Ghosh, Anitabha
Sengupta, Debashish
Shit, Pravat Kumar
author_sort Chakraborty, Baisakhi
collection PubMed
description The global economic activities were completely stopped during COVID-19 lockdown and continuous lockdown partially brought some positive effects for the health of the total environment. The multiple industries, cities, towns and rural people are completely depending on large tropical river Damodar (India) but in the last few decades the quality of the river water is being significantly deteriorated. The present study attempts to investigate the river water quality (RWQ) particularly for pre- lockdown, lockdown and unlock period. We considered 20 variables per sample of RWQ data and it was analyzed using novel Modified Water Quality Index (MWQI), Trophic State Index (TSI), Heavy Metal Index (HMI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI). Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s correlation (r) analysis are applied to determine the influencing variables and relationship among the river pollutants. The results show that during lockdown 54.54% samples were brought significantly positive changes applying MWQI. During lockdown, HMI ranged from 33.96 to 117.33 with 27.27% good water quality which shows the low ecological risk of aquatic ecosystem due to low mixing of toxic metals in the river water. Lockdown effects brought river water to oligotrophic/meso-eutrophic condition from eutrophic/hyper-eutrophic stage. Rejuvenation of river health during lockdown offers ample scope to policymakers, administrators and environmentalists for restoration of river health from huge anthropogenic stress.
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spelling pubmed-85054002021-10-13 Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India Chakraborty, Baisakhi Bera, Biswajit Adhikary, Partha Pratim Bhattacharjee, Sumana Roy, Sambhunath Saha, Soumik Ghosh, Anitabha Sengupta, Debashish Shit, Pravat Kumar Sci Rep Article The global economic activities were completely stopped during COVID-19 lockdown and continuous lockdown partially brought some positive effects for the health of the total environment. The multiple industries, cities, towns and rural people are completely depending on large tropical river Damodar (India) but in the last few decades the quality of the river water is being significantly deteriorated. The present study attempts to investigate the river water quality (RWQ) particularly for pre- lockdown, lockdown and unlock period. We considered 20 variables per sample of RWQ data and it was analyzed using novel Modified Water Quality Index (MWQI), Trophic State Index (TSI), Heavy Metal Index (HMI) and Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI). Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s correlation (r) analysis are applied to determine the influencing variables and relationship among the river pollutants. The results show that during lockdown 54.54% samples were brought significantly positive changes applying MWQI. During lockdown, HMI ranged from 33.96 to 117.33 with 27.27% good water quality which shows the low ecological risk of aquatic ecosystem due to low mixing of toxic metals in the river water. Lockdown effects brought river water to oligotrophic/meso-eutrophic condition from eutrophic/hyper-eutrophic stage. Rejuvenation of river health during lockdown offers ample scope to policymakers, administrators and environmentalists for restoration of river health from huge anthropogenic stress. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8505400/ /pubmed/34635728 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99689-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Chakraborty, Baisakhi
Bera, Biswajit
Adhikary, Partha Pratim
Bhattacharjee, Sumana
Roy, Sambhunath
Saha, Soumik
Ghosh, Anitabha
Sengupta, Debashish
Shit, Pravat Kumar
Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India
title Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India
title_full Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India
title_fullStr Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India
title_full_unstemmed Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India
title_short Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India
title_sort positive effects of covid-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from river damodar, india
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8505400/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34635728
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99689-9
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