Constraining the axion–photon coupling using radio data of the Bullet cluster

Axion is one of the most popular candidates of the cosmological dark matter. Recent studies considering the misalignment production of axions suggest some benchmark axion mass ranges near [Formula: see text] μeV. For such axion mass, the spontaneous decay of axions can give photons in radio band frequency [Formula: see text] GHz, which can be detected by radio telescopes. In this article, we show that using radio data of galaxy clusters would be excellent to constrain axion dark matter. Specifically, by using radio data of the Bullet cluster (1E 0657-55.8), we find that the upper limit of the axion–photon coupling constant can be constrained to [Formula: see text] GeV[Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] μeV, which is tighter than the limit obtained by the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST).