Stochastic Dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Economic Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era

This paper analyses the stochastic dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios (CFR) in three developing economies in East Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The sample covers the daily frequency data from April 28, 2020, to June 29, 2021. For this purpose, we utilize two unit root te...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Shi, Zili, Zhang, Hua, Zhang, Ren, Zhu, Lili
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Public Health
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8505761/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34650955
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.755047
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author Shi, Zili
Zhang, Hua
Zhang, Ren
Zhu, Lili
author_facet Shi, Zili
Zhang, Hua
Zhang, Ren
Zhu, Lili
author_sort Shi, Zili
collection PubMed
description This paper analyses the stochastic dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios (CFR) in three developing economies in East Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The sample covers the daily frequency data from April 28, 2020, to June 29, 2021. For this purpose, we utilize two unit root tests, which consider one structural break and two structural breaks. The findings reveal that the CFR follows a unit root process in Indonesia and the Philippines. However, the CFR is stationary in Malaysia. This evidence indicates that the COVID-19 has a permanent effect in Indonesia and the Philippines but temporary in Malaysia. The paper also discusses the potential economic implications of these results for the post-COVID-19 era in the related developing economies.
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spelling pubmed-85057612021-10-13 Stochastic Dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Economic Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era Shi, Zili Zhang, Hua Zhang, Ren Zhu, Lili Front Public Health Public Health This paper analyses the stochastic dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios (CFR) in three developing economies in East Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The sample covers the daily frequency data from April 28, 2020, to June 29, 2021. For this purpose, we utilize two unit root tests, which consider one structural break and two structural breaks. The findings reveal that the CFR follows a unit root process in Indonesia and the Philippines. However, the CFR is stationary in Malaysia. This evidence indicates that the COVID-19 has a permanent effect in Indonesia and the Philippines but temporary in Malaysia. The paper also discusses the potential economic implications of these results for the post-COVID-19 era in the related developing economies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8505761/ /pubmed/34650955 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.755047 Text en Copyright © 2021 Shi, Zhang, Zhang and Zhu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Shi, Zili
Zhang, Hua
Zhang, Ren
Zhu, Lili
Stochastic Dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Economic Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era
title Stochastic Dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Economic Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era
title_full Stochastic Dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Economic Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era
title_fullStr Stochastic Dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Economic Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era
title_full_unstemmed Stochastic Dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Economic Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era
title_short Stochastic Dynamics of the COVID-19 Case-Fatality Ratios in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Economic Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era
title_sort stochastic dynamics of the covid-19 case-fatality ratios in indonesia, malaysia, and the philippines: economic implications for the post-covid-19 era
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8505761/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34650955
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.755047
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