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The Role of Temperature in Moral Decision-Making: Limited Reproducibility
Temperature is one of the major environmental factors that people are exposed to on a daily basis, often in conditions that do not afford control. It is known that heat and cold can influence a person’s productivity and performance in simple tasks. With respect to social cognition, it has also been...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8506165/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34650468 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.681527 |
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author | Sudo, Ryunosuke Nakashima, Satoshi F. Ukezono, Masatoshi Takano, Yuji Lauwereyns, Johan |
author_facet | Sudo, Ryunosuke Nakashima, Satoshi F. Ukezono, Masatoshi Takano, Yuji Lauwereyns, Johan |
author_sort | Sudo, Ryunosuke |
collection | PubMed |
description | Temperature is one of the major environmental factors that people are exposed to on a daily basis, often in conditions that do not afford control. It is known that heat and cold can influence a person’s productivity and performance in simple tasks. With respect to social cognition, it has also been suggested that temperature impacts on relatively high-level forms of decision-making. For instance, previous research demonstrated that cold temperature promotes utilitarian judgment in a moral dilemma task. This effect could be due to psychological processing, when a cool temperature primes a set of internal representations (associated with “coldness”). Alternatively, the promotion of utilitarian judgment in cold conditions could be due to physiological interference from temperature, impeding on social cognition. Refuting both explanations of psychological or physiological processing, however, it has been suggested that there may be problems of reproducibility in the literature on temperature modulating complex or abstract information processing. To examine the role of temperature in moral decision-making, we conducted a series of experiments using ambient and haptic temperature with careful manipulation checks and modified task methodology. Experiment 1 manipulated room temperature with cool (21°C), control (24°C) and hot (27°C) conditions and found only a cool temperature effect, promoting utilitarian judgment as in the previous study. Experiment 2 manipulated the intensity of haptic temperature but failed to obtain the cool temperature effect. Experiments 3 and 4 examined the generalizability of the cool ambient temperature effect with another moral judgment task and with manipulation of exposure duration. However, again there were no cool temperature effects, suggesting a lack of reproducibility. Despite successful manipulations of temperature in all four experiments, as measured in body temperature and the participants’ self-reported perception, we found no systematic influence of temperature on moral decision-making. A Bayesian meta-analysis of the four experiments showed that the overall data tended to provide strong support in favor of the null hypothesis. We propose that, at least in the range of temperatures from 21 to 27°C, the cool temperature effect in moral decision-making is not a robust phenomenon. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8506165 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85061652021-10-13 The Role of Temperature in Moral Decision-Making: Limited Reproducibility Sudo, Ryunosuke Nakashima, Satoshi F. Ukezono, Masatoshi Takano, Yuji Lauwereyns, Johan Front Psychol Psychology Temperature is one of the major environmental factors that people are exposed to on a daily basis, often in conditions that do not afford control. It is known that heat and cold can influence a person’s productivity and performance in simple tasks. With respect to social cognition, it has also been suggested that temperature impacts on relatively high-level forms of decision-making. For instance, previous research demonstrated that cold temperature promotes utilitarian judgment in a moral dilemma task. This effect could be due to psychological processing, when a cool temperature primes a set of internal representations (associated with “coldness”). Alternatively, the promotion of utilitarian judgment in cold conditions could be due to physiological interference from temperature, impeding on social cognition. Refuting both explanations of psychological or physiological processing, however, it has been suggested that there may be problems of reproducibility in the literature on temperature modulating complex or abstract information processing. To examine the role of temperature in moral decision-making, we conducted a series of experiments using ambient and haptic temperature with careful manipulation checks and modified task methodology. Experiment 1 manipulated room temperature with cool (21°C), control (24°C) and hot (27°C) conditions and found only a cool temperature effect, promoting utilitarian judgment as in the previous study. Experiment 2 manipulated the intensity of haptic temperature but failed to obtain the cool temperature effect. Experiments 3 and 4 examined the generalizability of the cool ambient temperature effect with another moral judgment task and with manipulation of exposure duration. However, again there were no cool temperature effects, suggesting a lack of reproducibility. Despite successful manipulations of temperature in all four experiments, as measured in body temperature and the participants’ self-reported perception, we found no systematic influence of temperature on moral decision-making. A Bayesian meta-analysis of the four experiments showed that the overall data tended to provide strong support in favor of the null hypothesis. We propose that, at least in the range of temperatures from 21 to 27°C, the cool temperature effect in moral decision-making is not a robust phenomenon. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8506165/ /pubmed/34650468 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.681527 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sudo, Nakashima, Ukezono, Takano and Lauwereyns. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Sudo, Ryunosuke Nakashima, Satoshi F. Ukezono, Masatoshi Takano, Yuji Lauwereyns, Johan The Role of Temperature in Moral Decision-Making: Limited Reproducibility |
title | The Role of Temperature in Moral Decision-Making: Limited Reproducibility |
title_full | The Role of Temperature in Moral Decision-Making: Limited Reproducibility |
title_fullStr | The Role of Temperature in Moral Decision-Making: Limited Reproducibility |
title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Temperature in Moral Decision-Making: Limited Reproducibility |
title_short | The Role of Temperature in Moral Decision-Making: Limited Reproducibility |
title_sort | role of temperature in moral decision-making: limited reproducibility |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8506165/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34650468 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.681527 |
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