Cargando…
Biological Aspects of Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Cancer Survivors
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Around 80% of children treated for childhood cancer become long-term survivors. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy improve survival of these patients, they cause a low-grade chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) which induces premature aging processes and vital organ failure, a co...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508005/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34638416 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194933 |
_version_ | 1784581995326603264 |
---|---|
author | Rossi, Francesca Di Paola, Alessandra Pota, Elvira Argenziano, Maura Di Pinto, Daniela Marrapodi, Maria Maddalena Di Leva, Caterina Di Martino, Martina Tortora, Chiara |
author_facet | Rossi, Francesca Di Paola, Alessandra Pota, Elvira Argenziano, Maura Di Pinto, Daniela Marrapodi, Maria Maddalena Di Leva, Caterina Di Martino, Martina Tortora, Chiara |
author_sort | Rossi, Francesca |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Around 80% of children treated for childhood cancer become long-term survivors. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy improve survival of these patients, they cause a low-grade chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) which induces premature aging processes and vital organ failure, a condition known as frailty. Understanding frailty’s biological and molecular mechanisms and identifying inflamm-aging key biomarkers in childhood cancer survivors could be useful to facilitate the screening of comorbidities and to understand whether treatments, used to counteract inflamm-aging, may prevent side effects. ABSTRACT: Anti-cancer treatments improve survival in children with cancer. A total of 80% of children treated for childhood cancer achieve 5-year survival, becoming long-term survivors. However, they undergo several chronic late effects related to treatments. In childhood cancer survivors a chronic low-grade inflammation, known as inflamm-aging, is responsible for frailty, a condition characterized by vital organ failure and by premature aging processes. Inflamm-aging is closely related to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which induce inflammation, accumulation of senescent cells, DNA mutations, and the production of reactive oxygen species. All these conditions are responsible for the onset of secondary diseases, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and infertility. Considering that the pathobiology of frailty among childhood cancer survivors is still unknown, investigations are needed to better understand frailty’s biological and molecular processes and to identify inflamm-aging key biomarkers in order to facilitate the screening of comorbidities and to clarify whether treatments, normally used to modulate inflamm-aging, may be beneficial. This review offers an overview of the possible biological mechanisms involved in the development of inflamm-aging, focusing our attention on immune system alteration, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and therapeutic strategies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8508005 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85080052021-10-13 Biological Aspects of Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Cancer Survivors Rossi, Francesca Di Paola, Alessandra Pota, Elvira Argenziano, Maura Di Pinto, Daniela Marrapodi, Maria Maddalena Di Leva, Caterina Di Martino, Martina Tortora, Chiara Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Around 80% of children treated for childhood cancer become long-term survivors. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy improve survival of these patients, they cause a low-grade chronic inflammation (inflamm-aging) which induces premature aging processes and vital organ failure, a condition known as frailty. Understanding frailty’s biological and molecular mechanisms and identifying inflamm-aging key biomarkers in childhood cancer survivors could be useful to facilitate the screening of comorbidities and to understand whether treatments, used to counteract inflamm-aging, may prevent side effects. ABSTRACT: Anti-cancer treatments improve survival in children with cancer. A total of 80% of children treated for childhood cancer achieve 5-year survival, becoming long-term survivors. However, they undergo several chronic late effects related to treatments. In childhood cancer survivors a chronic low-grade inflammation, known as inflamm-aging, is responsible for frailty, a condition characterized by vital organ failure and by premature aging processes. Inflamm-aging is closely related to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which induce inflammation, accumulation of senescent cells, DNA mutations, and the production of reactive oxygen species. All these conditions are responsible for the onset of secondary diseases, such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and infertility. Considering that the pathobiology of frailty among childhood cancer survivors is still unknown, investigations are needed to better understand frailty’s biological and molecular processes and to identify inflamm-aging key biomarkers in order to facilitate the screening of comorbidities and to clarify whether treatments, normally used to modulate inflamm-aging, may be beneficial. This review offers an overview of the possible biological mechanisms involved in the development of inflamm-aging, focusing our attention on immune system alteration, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and therapeutic strategies. MDPI 2021-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8508005/ /pubmed/34638416 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194933 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Rossi, Francesca Di Paola, Alessandra Pota, Elvira Argenziano, Maura Di Pinto, Daniela Marrapodi, Maria Maddalena Di Leva, Caterina Di Martino, Martina Tortora, Chiara Biological Aspects of Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Cancer Survivors |
title | Biological Aspects of Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Cancer Survivors |
title_full | Biological Aspects of Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Cancer Survivors |
title_fullStr | Biological Aspects of Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Cancer Survivors |
title_full_unstemmed | Biological Aspects of Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Cancer Survivors |
title_short | Biological Aspects of Inflamm-Aging in Childhood Cancer Survivors |
title_sort | biological aspects of inflamm-aging in childhood cancer survivors |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508005/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34638416 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194933 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT rossifrancesca biologicalaspectsofinflammaginginchildhoodcancersurvivors AT dipaolaalessandra biologicalaspectsofinflammaginginchildhoodcancersurvivors AT potaelvira biologicalaspectsofinflammaginginchildhoodcancersurvivors AT argenzianomaura biologicalaspectsofinflammaginginchildhoodcancersurvivors AT dipintodaniela biologicalaspectsofinflammaginginchildhoodcancersurvivors AT marrapodimariamaddalena biologicalaspectsofinflammaginginchildhoodcancersurvivors AT dilevacaterina biologicalaspectsofinflammaginginchildhoodcancersurvivors AT dimartinomartina biologicalaspectsofinflammaginginchildhoodcancersurvivors AT tortorachiara biologicalaspectsofinflammaginginchildhoodcancersurvivors |